Data Structures (CS301)

1. Consider the following expression:
   x - y * a + b / c
   Which of the following is a correct equivalent expression for the above?

   1. x y -a * b +c /
   2. x *y a - b c / +
   3. x y a * - b c / +
   4. x y a * - b/ + c

2. Non-recursive calls are faster than which of the following calls?

   1. Parameterized
   2. Recursive
   3. Function
   4. Non-Function

3. The balance of a node is the result of "height of left subtree" ________ "height of right subtree".

   1. Plus
   2. Minus
   3. Multiply
   4. Divided by

4. A complete binary tree having "N" nodes consists of ________ Levels.

   1. Log₂ (N+1) -1
   2. Log₂ (N-1) -1
   3. Log₂ (N+1) +1
   4. Log₂ (N-1) +1

5. In the poat-order traversal of a binary search tree, nodes process as:

   1. Left-subtree, Right-subtree, Root
   2. Rightt-subtree, Root, Left-subtree
   3. Left-subtree, Root, Right-subtree
   4. Rightt-subtree, Left-subtree, Root

6. The simplest case in a BST to delete a node is:

   1. When the node, that is to be deleted is root node
   2. When the node, that is to be deleted has both left and right child
   3. When the node, that is to be deleted has only one child
   4. When the node, that is to be deleted is a leaf node

7. If class A defines class B as its friend, then:

   1. Class A can access private members of Class B
   2. Class B can access only the public members of Class A
   3. Class A can access only the public members of Class B
   4. Class B can access private members of Class A

8. In the statement int& a=b;

   1. a and b pointing to two different memory location
   2. a and b are two different names of the same memory location
   3. a and b are two different variable names
   4. b hold the address of variable a

9. The main use of AVL tree is:

   1. Searching of data
   2. Storing of data
   3. Insertion of data
   4. Security of data

10. In simple implementation of stack, isFull() method is used due to ________.

    1. Limitation of array
    2. Strength of array
    3. Linked list connectivity
    4. Complexity of linked list

11. Write in postfix form 5 * (9 - 7)

    1. 5 (9 7 -) *
    2. 5 9 * 7 -
    3. 5 9 7 - *
    4. 5 (9 7 -)

12. What will be result of following postfix expression?
    
    1 2 3 * + 2 -

    1. 3
    2. 4
    3. 5
    4. 10

13. An array x of 100 integers is declared as

    1. int x = [100];
    2. int x[100];
    3. integer array x = 100;
    4. integer x [] = 100;

14. What is the maximum depth of recursive calls a function may make?

    1. 1
    2. 2
    3. n (where n is the argument)
    4. There is no fixed maximum

15. A Linear Data Structure is the data structure in which data elements are arranged in a sequence or a linear list. Which of the following is Non Linear Data Structure?

    1. Arrays
    2. Linked Lists
    3. Binary Search Trees
    4. Stack

16. The new operation in C++ for dynamically allocating memory returns,

    1. Size of the memory it has allocated
    2. Pointer to the memory it has allocated
    3. Both size and pointer to the memory it has allocated
    4. Value of the memory it has allocated

17. In ________, a programmer uses two pointers in the node, i.e. one to point to next node and the other to point to the previous node.

    1. Linked list
    2. Doubly-linked list
    3. Array
    4. Structure

18. The expression AB+C* is called?

    1. Prefix expression
    2. Postfix expression
    3. Infix expression
    4. Prefix and Infix expression

19. Consider the function X as under
    int X (int& Value)
    {
    return Value;
    }
    Now a and b are integers in a calling function. Which one of the following is a valid call to the above function X?

    1. a = X(b);
    2. a = X(&b);
    3. a = X(*b);
    4. a = X(&*b);

20. Each node in Binary Search Tree has

    1. 1 pointer
    2. 2 pointers
    3. 3 pointers
    4. 4 pointers

21. Suppose n is the number of nodes in a complete Binary Tree, then maximum steps required for a search operation are

    1. Log₂ (n+1) -1
    2. Log₂ (n+1)
    3. Log₂ (n) -1
    4. Log₂ (n)

22. The next field in the last node of a singly-linked list is set to ________.

    1. NAN
    2. 1
    3. 'NULL
    4. -1

23. A queue where the dequeue operation does not depend upon FIFO, is called:

    1. enqueue
    2. simple queue
    3. stack
    4. priority queue

24. a * (b+c)-d is an example of ________ expression.

    1. infix
    2. prefix
    3. postfix
    4. allfix

25. Which one of the following calling methods does not change the original value of the argument in the calling function?

    1. Call by passing the value of the argument
    2. Call by passing reference of the argument
    3. Call by passing the address of the argument
    4. Call by passing pointer of the argument

26. Which of the following statement is NOT true for reference variable?

    1. Once a reference is created, it cannot be later made to reference another object.
    2. Reference cannot be NULL
    3. References can be uninitialized.
    4. It is not possible to refer directly to a reference object after it is defined.

27. Each operator in a postfix expression refers to the previous ________ operand(s).

    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four

28. Which one of the following statement is correct?

    1. Array size is fixed once it is created
    2. Link List size is fixed once it is created
    3. Binary Search Tree size is fixed once it is created
    4. AVL Tree size is fixed once it is created

29. Linked list always contains elements that can be described as,

    1. Redundant
    2. Recursive
    3. Self-referential
    4. Bidirectional

30. One difference between a queue and a stack is

    1. Queues require dynamic memory, but stacks do not.
    2. Stacks require dynamic memory, but queues do not.
    3. Queues use two ends of the structure, stacks use only one.
    4. Stacks use two ends of the structure, queues use only one.

31. Stack and Queue can be implemented using ________.

    1. Singly Link List
    2. Binary Tree
    3. Binary Search Tree
    4. AVL Tree

32. New items are added at the ________ of the stack.

    1. Bottom
    2. Middle
    3. Top
    4. Center

33. ________ is the stack characteristic but ________ was implemented because of the size limitation of the array.

    1. isFull(), isEmpty()
    2. pop(), push()
    3. isEmpty(), isFull()
    4. push(), pop()

34. The difference between a "Binary Tree (BT)" and a "Binary Search Tree (BST)" is that,

    1. A BST has two children per node whereas a BT can have none, one or two children per node
    2. In BST nodes are inserted based on the values they contain
    3. In BT nodes are inserted based on the values they contain
    4. There is no difference

35. Which of the following operations returns "most recently entered value" from the stack?

    1. Push
    2. Recent
    3. Top
    4. First

36. Which of the following is correct about AVL Tree?

    1. It is identical to BST except height of the left and right subtrees can differ by at least 1.
    2. It is identical to BST except height of the left and right subtrees must differ by at least 1.
    3. It is not identical to BST, it is totally different kind of tree.
    4. It is identical to BST except height of the left and right subtrees can differ by at most 1.

37. In the call by ________ methodology, a copy of the object is passed to the called function.

    1. Reference
    2. Value
    3. Reference & Value
    4. Copy of the object can not be passed

38. Recursive call of a function use ________ data structure.

    1. Linked List
    2. Queue
    3. Stack
    4. Table

39. The variables which are destroyed automatically when a function's execution ends are:

    1. Global variables
    2. Local variables defined inside function body
    3. Variables (objects) defined inside function body dynamically
    4. Variables (objects) defined inside function body statically

40. The worst case of searching in binary search tree (BST) is:

    1. When the data inserted in BST is sorted
    2. When the height of left sub-tree is greater than right sub-tree
    3. When the height of right sub-tree is greater than left sub-tree
    4. When the tree is balanced

41. What will be the value of root of an AVL and BST if built from the same data?

    1. Same
    2. Different in some cases
    3. Root of AVL is square of root of BST
    4. None of the given

42. What will be the postfix expression of following infix expression?
    A*B/C+D-E

    1. A B / C * D + E -
    2. A B * C / D + E -
    3. A B * C + D E / -
    4. A B + C D / + E -

43. Leaf node of binary search tree contains ________.

    1. One Null pointer
    2. Three Null pointers
    3. Two Null pointers
    4. All of the given

44. Each node in doubly link list has

    1. 1 pointer
    2. 2 pointers
    3. 3 pointers
    4. 4 pointers

45. For reference variables, ________ sign is used.

    1. ampersand
    2. asterisk
    3. sigma
    4. dollar

46. For searching a particular number in Binary Search Tree (if it is not present), the maximum number of comparisons will be ________ comparison at each level.

    1. 1
    2. 2
    3. 3
    4. 4

47. Which of the following statement is false?

    1. Arrays are dense lists and static data structure
    2. data elements in linked list need not be stored in adjecent space in memory
    3. pointers store the next data element of a list
    4. linked lists are collection of the nodes that contain information part and next pointer

48. The expression DE+H* is called ________.

    1. Prefix expression
    2. Infixexepression
    3. Postfix expression
    4. Hybrid expression

49. An efficient program executes faster and helps in ________ the usage of resources like memory and disk.

    1. Maximizing
    2. Minimizing
    3. Equalizing
    4. None of the given

50. Which operation of queue data structure is used to get front element from the queue and then remove it from the queue?

    1. enqueue()
    2. dequeue()
    3. front()
    4. remove()

51. In singly linked list a node consists of two parts:

    1. Object and structure
    2. Two pointers
    3. Two objects
    4. Object and pointer

52. The tree data structure is a

    1. Linear data structure
    2. Non-linear data structure
    3. Graphical data structure
    4. Data structure like queue

53. For Binary Search Tree, we call the findMax() method as ________.

    1. findMin(tree->getLeft())
    2. findMin(tree->getRight())
    3. findMin(tree->getCenter())
    4. findMin(tree->getDown())

54. In a tree, we link the nodes in such a way that it ________ a linear structure.

    1. does not remain
    2. forms
    3. reverses
    4. remains

55. Doubly Linked List always has ________ NULL pointer/s in a node.

    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four

56. From Operating System point of view, the recursive function calls are made with the help of ________.

    1. Queue
    2. Stack
    3. Linked list
    4. Binary Search Tree

57. The most difficult case for deleting a node from Binary Search Tree is when the node to be deleted ________.

    1. is Leaf node
    2. has only left children (subtree)
    3. has only right children (subtree)
    4. has both the left and right children (subtree)

58. In simple or singly linked list there is/are ________ pointer/s in each node.

    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four

59. The tree structure is a

    1. Linear data structure
    2. Non-linear data structure
    3. Graphical data structure
    4. data structure like queue

60. Consider we have performed the following operations on stack of size 5.
    Push(10);
    Push(20);
    Push(30);
    Pop();
    Pop();
    Push(40);

    1. 10
    2. 20
    3. 40
    4. 20

61. Consider the following infix expression.
    7/8 + 9
    If one converts the above expression into postfix. What would be the resultant expression?

    1. 7 8 9 / +
    2. 7 8 / + 9
    3. / 7 8 + 9
    4. 7 8 / 9 +

62. AVL tree is linear data structure.

    1. TRUE
    2. FALSE
    3. In some cases
    4. None of the given

63. When we compare recursive method calls and non-recursive method calls, following statement is true.

    1. Recursion is implementted in the same way as other functioncalls are implemented
    2. Non-recursive methods are always efficient than recursive methods
    3. Both options are true
    4. None of the given options are true

64. In C++, we place the class interface in ________ file.

    1. .cpp
    2. .cppp
    3. .h
    4. .hh

65. ~BinarySearchTree() is a ________ .

    1. Constructor
    2. Destructor
    3. Switch case
    4. Template method call

66. In level-order traversal for Binary Search Tree, at each level, we visit the nodes in ________ order.

    1. right-to-left
    2. left-to-right
    3. top to botton
    4. any

67. next() method of List class is used to:

    1. Moves current position backward one element
    2. Moves the "current" pointer to two steps after the last elementof the array
    3. Moves the current position forward one element
    4. Moves the "current" pointer to two steps before the last element of the array

68. Binary Search Tree voilates the condition of AVL tree when any node has balance equal to

    1. 2 or -2
    2. 1 or -1
    3. 0
    4. None of the options.

69. In singly linked list which node will keep track of starting position of the list.

    1. Next Node
    2. Previous Node
    3. Head Node
    4. Last Node

70. Local variables defined inside function body are ________ automatically at the end of function execution.

    1. created
    2. destroyed
    3. incremented
    4. decremented

71. Can we store elements with different data types in a single array?

    1. Yes
    2. No
    3. In some cases
    4. None of the given

72. Trying to remove an element from an empty stack is called ________ .

    1. Garbage collector
    2. Overflow of stack
    3. Empty collection
    4. Underflow of stack

73. ________ is an area in computer memory that is allocated dynamically.

    1. Heap
    2. Stack
    3. Queue
    4. Linked List

74. ________ is when function is calling to itself.

    1. Loop
    2. Recursion
    3. Iteration
    4. Nasted loop

75. "new int[11]" will allocate memory for ________ integers.

    1. 10
    2. 11
    3. 12
    4. 13

76. int htdiff = height(root->getLeft()) ________ height(root->getRight());
    The above line of code is taken from AVL insert method. Complete it by selecting an appropriate symbol.

    1. -
    2. +
    3. /
    4. *

77. Longest path from root node to farthest leaf node is called ________ of tree.

    1. Level
    2. Length
    3. Depth
    4. Node level

78. The depth of a binary tree is

    1. Total number of nodes in the tree
    2. Number of leaf nodes in the tree
    3. Number of non-leaf nodes in the tree
    4. Maximum level of a leaf

79. Array cells are ________ in computer memory.

    1. Contiguous
    2. Random
    3. Store in multiple variables
    4. Store in multiple functions

80. Which of the following operation returns but do not removes top value of the stack?

    1. push
    2. pop
    3. top
    4. first

81. In case of insertion of right inner node in BST,

    1. we need to apply single left rotation to make it AVL tree.
    2. we need to apply single right rotation to make it AVL tree.
    3. single left rotation first and then single right rotation to make it AVL tree.
    4. single right rotation first and then single left rotation to make it AVL tree.

82. get(?) method of list class is used to:

    1. Get element from the last position
    2. Get element from the first position
    3. Get element from the middle position
    4. Get element at the given position

83. ________ is used for Reference variables in C++.

    1. !
    2. @
    3. #
    4. &

84. Y = &x[0];
    In the above statement, we get address of the first location of the array x and store
    it in y. Here "y" is:

    1. rvalue
    2. xvalue
    3. lvalue
    4. zvalue

85. Suppose we have been given the following data set for a Queue.
    7 5 2 4
    What will be the resultant Queue if we call enqueue(3) method?
    Note that 7 is the front element whereas 4 is rear element of queue.

    1. 7 5 2 4
    2. 3 7 5 2 4
    3. 7 5 2 4 3
    4. 5 2 4 3

86. In tree, the search operation is ________ as compared to the linked list.

    1. Very fast
    2. not fast
    3. equally time-taken
    4. very slow

87. To search an element in ALV tree, it takes maximum 1.88 Log2n time.

    1. TRUE
    2. FALSE
    3. In some cases
    4. None of the given

88. ________ in AVL is logarithmic.

    1. Updating
    2. Searching
    3. Deletion
    4. Insertion

89. The ________ of a node in a binary tree is defined as the height of its left subtree minus height of its right subtree.

    1. Height
    2. Balance
    3. Width
    4. None of the above

90. Which of the following is not a form of exoression?

    1. Infix
    2. Postfix
    3. Prefix
    4. Pastfix

91. What will be postfix expression of the following infix expression?
    Infix Expression: a+b*c-d

    1. ab+c*d-
    2. abc*+d-
    3. abcd+*-
    4. abc+*d-

92. What will be the postfix expression of following infix expression?
    D+E*F/G

    1. DE*F/G+
    2. DE+F*G/
    3. DEF*G/+
    4. DE+FG*/

93. Factorial is an example of ________ function.

    1. Recusive
    2. Non-Recursive
    3. Cube
    4. Log

94. which of the following function don't belongs to the stack class?

    1. push()
    2. pop()
    3. crash()
    4. top()

95. What will be the result of evaluation following expression?
    5+3*2/(6-3)

    1. 3
    2. 5
    3. 7
    4. 10

96. Which of the following is correct statement?

    1. An AVL tree is identical to BST expect height of the left and right subtree can differ by at most 1.
    2. An AVL tree is identical to BST expect height of the left and right subtree can differ by at least 1.
    3. An AVL tree is identical to BST expect height of the left and right subtree must differ by at least 1.
    4. An AVL tree is not identical to BST, its another kind of tree.

97. If we use array to implement list, then there is an issue that it gives difficulty when:

    1. We will access values randomly
    2. We will remove data from it
    3. We will increase its size
    4. We will decrease its size

98. Which of the following can be used to reverse a string value?

    1. Stack
    2. Queue
    3. Both of these
    4. None of the given

99. Binary search algorithem cannot be applied to ________ .

    1. sortrd linked list
    2. sorted binary trees
    3. sorted linear array
    4. None of the given

100. Consider the linked list having data [6, 72, 35, 65, 25] stored in it. While current pointer is pointing to memory location having 72 stored in it. After calling add(4) function on the following linked list current point will point to memory location having value?

     1. 72
     2. 35
     3. 4
     4. 25

101. for every process executing, the last part of the memory is for ________ of the program.

     1. Data
     2. Code
     3. Stack
     4. Heap

102. Following is a keyword of C++ ________ .

     1. del
     2. delete
     3. Remove
     4. eliminate

103. In doubly linked list there is/are _______ pointer/s in each node.

     1. One
     2. Two
     3. Three
     4. Four

104. Avl tree takes maximum ________ time to search an element.

     1. 1.44 Log2n
     2. Log2(n+n)
     3. Log2(n+1)+1
     4. 1.88 Log2n

105. There are four cases of rotation is an ________ tree.

     1. ELV
     2. EVL
     3. AVL
     4. ALV

106. Allocating and de-allocating memory for linked list nodes take ________ time than pre-allocated array.

     1. Less
     2. More
     3. Equal
     4. No

107. The binary tree is the maximum level of its leaves (also called the depth).

     1. Level
     2. Width
     3. Height
     4. None of the given

108. If we singly linked list to implement list, then there is an issue that it gives difficulty when we:

     1. Move forward in the list
     2. Move backward in the list
     3. We will increase its size
     4. We will decrease its size

109. back() method of list class is used to:

     1. Moves the "current" pointer to backward one element.
     2. Moves the "current" pointer to backward two element.
     3. Moves the "current" pointer to backward three element.
     4. Moves the "current" pointer to backward four element.

110. While implementing non-recusive traversal for Binary SearchTree, we need to implement ________ .

     1. Queue
     2. Stack
     3. Min heap
     4. Max heap

111. In which of the following function signatures, the value of variable "num" cannot be changed in function body?

     1. int cube(int num)
     2. int cube(int& num)
     3. int cube(const int& num)
     4. int cube(int* num)

112. What are the basic things associated with data structures?

     1. Space for each data item it stores
     2. Time to perform each basic operation
     3. Programming effort
     4. All of the given

113. Every AVL tree is a binary search tree.

     1. TRUE
     2. FALSE
     3. Not in some cases
     4. None of the given

114. When an executable program runs, it is loaded in the computer memory and becomes a ________ .

     1. Thread
     2. .h file
     3. Process
     4. None of the given

115. Left, right, info, and parent are the operation of ________ data structure.

     1. Stack
     2. Tree
     3. Queue
     4. Linked List

116. Binary Tree traversal can be performed with the help of ________ .

     1. Recursive calls only
     2. Non-recursive calls
     3. Both Recursive and Non-recursive calls
     4. None of the given

117. A solution is said to be efficient if it solves the problem within its resource constraints i.e. hardware and time.

     1. True
     2. False

118. Each node in singly link list has,

     1. 1 pointer
     2. 2 pointers
     3. 3 pointers
     4. 4 pointers

119. Parameters in function call are passed using,

     1. Stack
     2. Queue
     3. Binary Search Tree
     4. AVL Tree

120. The ________ method of list data structure removes the element residing at the current position

     1. Add
     2. Next
     3. Remove
     4. Find

121. Insertion in a linked list can be done at

     1. Front only
     2. Back only
     3. Somewhere in middle only
     4. Front, Back and somewhere in the middle

122. An array is a group of ________ memory locations.

     1. Scattered
     2. Isolated
     3. Random (non-consecutive)
     4. Consecutive

123. Which of the following applications may use a stack?

     1. Accessing a shadred resource
     2. Parentheses balancing program
     3. Buffering messages
     4. Waiting list

124. Which one of the following is known as "Last-In, First-Out" or LIFO Data Structure?

     1. Linked List
     2. Stack
     3. Queue
     4. Tree

125. Consider the following pseudo code
     declare a stack of characters
     while ( there are more characters in the word to read )
     {
     read a character
     push the character on the stack
     }
     while ( the stack is not empty )
     {
     pop a character off the stack
     write the character to the screen
     }
     What is written to the screen for the input "apples"?

     1. selpa
     2. selppa
     3. apples
     4. aaappppplleess

126. What will be postfix expression of the following infix expression?
     Infix Expression: a+b*c-d

     1. ab+c*d-
     2. abc*+d-
     3. abc+*d-
     4. abcd+*-

127. For compiler, a postfix expression is easier to evaluate than infix expression?

     1. True
     2. False

128. _________ only removes items in reverse order as they were entered.

     1. Stack
     2. Queue
     3. Both of the given
     4. None of the given

129. A binary tree of N nodes has _____________ .

     1. Log₁₀ N levels
     2. Log₂ N levels
     3. N / 2 levels
     4. N x 2 levels

130. Consider the following function:
     void test_a(int n)
     {
     cout << n << " ";
     if (n>0)
     test_a(n-2);
     }
     What is printed by the call test_a(4)?

     1. 4 2 0
     2. 0 2 4
     3. 0 2
     4. 2 4

131. The easiest case of deleting a node from BST is the case in which the node to be deleted _________.

     1. Is a leaf node
     2. Has left subtree only
     3. Has right subtree only
     4. Has both left and right subtree

132. Every AVL is ___________.

     1. Binary Tree
     2. Complete Binary Tree
     3. Binary Search Tree
     4. None of the given

133. Every AVL is ___________.

     1. Ternary Tree
     2. Complete Binary Tree
     3. Heap
     4. Binary Search Tree

134. Searching an element in an AVL tree takes maximum _______ time (where n is number of nodes in AVL tree).

     1. Log₂(n+1)
     2. Log₂(n+1) -1
     3. 1.44 Log₂n
     4. 1.66 Log₂n

Select a course code for Objective Questions:

ACC311 ACC501 BIF101 BIF401 BIF501 BIO101 BIO201 BIO202 BIO203 BIO204 BIO301 BIO302 BIO303 BIO401 BIO503 BNK603 BT101 BT201 BT301 BT302 BT401 BT402 BT403 BT404 BT405 BT406 BT501 BT504 BT505 BT604 CHE201 CHE301 CS001 CS101 CS201 CS202 CS204 CS301 CS302 CS304 CS311 CS401 CS402 CS403 CS408 CS501 CS502 CS504 CS506 CS508 CS601 CS602 CS604 CS605 CS607 CS609 CS610 CS614 CS707 CS710 ECO401 ECO402 ECO403 ECO404 EDU302 EDU401 EDU402 EDU501 EDU601 ENG101 ENG201 ENG301 ENG501 FIN611 FIN624 FIN625 ISL201 IT430 MCM101 MCM301 MGMT623 MGT101 MGT211 MGT301 MGT401 MGT402 MGT501 MGT502 MGT503 MGT510 MGT601 MGT603 MKT501 MKT610 MKT630 MTH101 MTH202 MTH302 MTH501 MTH601 MTH634 PAK301 PHY101 PHY301 PSY101 PSY403 PSY502 PSY512 SOC101 SOC301 SOC401 STA301 STA630 STA641 ZOO102 ZOO401 ZOO501 ZOO502 ZOO503 ZOO504 ZOO505 ZOO506 ZOO510 ZOO630

Select a course code for Subjective Questions:

ACC311 CS001 CS101 CS201 CS301 CS607 CS701 CS702 CS703 CS704 CS707 CS708 CS710 CS711 CS718 CS721 CS724 ECO401 ECO403 ENG101 ENG301 MGT703 MTH501 STA301