Data Structures (CS301)

1. The ________ method of list data structure removes the element residing at the current position

   1. Add
   2. Next
   3. Remove
   4. Find

2. Select the one FALSE statement about binary trees:

   1. Every binary tree has at least one node.
   2. Every non-empty tree has exactly one root node.
   3. Every node has at most two children.
   4. Every non-root node has exactly one parent.

3. For Binary Search Tree, we call the findMax() method as ________.

   1. findMin(tree->getLeft())
   2. findMin(tree->getRight())
   3. findMin(tree->getCenter())
   4. findMin(tree->getDown())

4. Consider we have performed the following operations on stack of size 5.
   Push(10);
   Push(20);
   Push(30);
   Pop();
   Pop();
   Push(40);

   1. 10
   2. 20
   3. 40
   4. 20

5. Which of the following is NOT an open addressing technique to resolve collisions?

   1. Quadratic probing
   2. Double hashing
   3. Cubic probing
   4. Linear probing

6. What will be the postfix expression of following infix expression?
   D+E*F/G

   1. DE*F/G+
   2. DE+F*G/
   3. DEF*G/+
   4. DE+FG*/

7. The expression
   if (! heap ->isFull() )
   check

   1. Heap is not empty
   2. Heap is not full
   3. Heap is empty
   4. Heap is full

8. The main use of AVL tree is:

   1. Searching of data
   2. Storing of data
   3. Insertion of data
   4. Security of data

9. During the union by size method, all the array element initialized to -1 shows:

   1. Tree is complete now
   2. Initial condition of tree
   3. Every tree has two elements each
   4. None of given

10. The expression
    if (! heap ->isEmpty() )
    checks

    1. Heap is empty
    2. Heap is full
    3. Heap is not empty
    4. Not a valid expression

11. Suppose there are a set of fruits and a set of vegetables. Both sets are ________ sets.

    1. Disjoint
    2. Subsets
    3. Whole
    4. Equal

12. Which one of the following statement is correct?

    1. Array size is fixed once it is created
    2. Link List size is fixed once it is created
    3. Binary Search Tree size is fixed once it is created
    4. AVL Tree size is fixed once it is created

13. The difference between a "Binary Tree (BT)" and a "Binary Search Tree (BST)" is that,

    1. A BST has two children per node whereas a BT can have none, one or two children per node
    2. In BST nodes are inserted based on the values they contain
    3. In BT nodes are inserted based on the values they contain
    4. There is no difference

14. Each node in singly link list has,

    1. 1 pointer
    2. 2 pointers
    3. 3 pointers
    4. 4 pointers

15. To search an element in ALV tree, it takes maximum 1.88 Log2n time.

    1. TRUE
    2. FALSE
    3. In some cases
    4. None of the given

16. If we want to find median of 50 elements, then after applying buildHeap methd, how many times deleteMin method will be called?

    1. 5
    2. 25
    3. 35
    4. 50

17. The next field in the last node of a singly-linked list is set to ________.

    1. NAN
    2. 1
    3. 'NULL
    4. -1

18. In the statement int& a=b;

    1. a and b pointing to two different memory location
    2. a and b are two different names of the same memory location
    3. a and b are two different variable names
    4. b hold the address of variable a

19. Local variables defined inside function body are ________ automatically at the end of function execution.

    1. created
    2. destroyed
    3. incremented
    4. decremented

20. The simplest case in a BST to delete a node is:

    1. When the node, that is to be deleted is root node
    2. When the node, that is to be deleted has both left and right child
    3. When the node, that is to be deleted has only one child
    4. When the node, that is to be deleted is a leaf node

21. Following is a keyword of C++ ________ .

    1. del
    2. delete
    3. Remove
    4. eliminate

22. A binary tree of N nodes has _____________ .

    1. Log₁₀ N levels
    2. Log₂ N levels
    3. N / 2 levels
    4. N x 2 levels

23. Consider the following infix expression.
    7/8 + 9
    If one converts the above expression into postfix. What would be the resultant expression?

    1. 7 8 9 / +
    2. 7 8 / + 9
    3. / 7 8 + 9
    4. 7 8 / 9 +

24. For a perfect binary tree of height 4, What will be the sum of hights of nodes?

    1. 31
    2. 30
    3. 27
    4. 26

25. If ahmad is boss of ehsan and ehsan is boss of umer then ahmad is also boss of umer.
    The above mentioned relation is ________.

    1. Reflexive
    2. Symmetry
    3. Transitive
    4. None of the given

26. ________ is used for Reference variables in C++.

    1. !
    2. @
    3. #
    4. &

27. Insertion in a linked list can be done at

    1. Front only
    2. Back only
    3. Somewhere in middle only
    4. Front, Back and somewhere in the middle

28. The expression AB+C* is called?

    1. Prefix expression
    2. Postfix expression
    3. Infix expression
    4. Prefix and Infix expression

29. Every AVL tree is a binary search tree.

    1. TRUE
    2. FALSE
    3. Not in some cases
    4. None of the given

30. A Linear Data Structure is the data structure in which data elements are arranged in a sequence or a linear list. Which of the following is Non Linear Data Structure?

    1. Arrays
    2. Linked Lists
    3. Binary Search Trees
    4. Stack

31. In doubly linked list there is/are _______ pointer/s in each node.

    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four

32. The tree data structure is a

    1. Linear data structure
    2. Non-linear data structure
    3. Graphical data structure
    4. Data structure like queue

33. If we have 1000 sets each containing a single different person. Which of the following relation will be true on each set:

    1. Reflexive
    2. Symmetric
    3. Transitive
    4. Associative

34. Which of the following statement is NOT true for reference variable?

    1. Once a reference is created, it cannot be later made to reference another object.
    2. Reference cannot be NULL
    3. References can be uninitialized.
    4. It is not possible to refer directly to a reference object after it is defined.

35. The array in binary search is sub divided ________.

    1. Once
    2. Twice
    3. N time
    4. Untill a sublist is no more divisible

36. In tree, the search operation is ________ as compared to the linked list.

    1. Very fast
    2. not fast
    3. equally time-taken
    4. very slow

37. Array cells are ________ in computer memory.

    1. Contiguous
    2. Random
    3. Store in multiple variables
    4. Store in multiple functions

38. Factorial is an example of ________ function.

    1. Recusive
    2. Non-Recursive
    3. Cube
    4. Log

39. The depth of a binary tree is

    1. Total number of nodes in the tree
    2. Number of leaf nodes in the tree
    3. Number of non-leaf nodes in the tree
    4. Maximum level of a leaf

40. Each node in Binary Search Tree has

    1. 1 pointer
    2. 2 pointers
    3. 3 pointers
    4. 4 pointers

41. What is the hash function used in linear probing?

    1. hi(x)=hash(x) mod table size
    2. hi(x)=(hash(x) + f(i^2)) mod table size
    3. hi(x)= (hash(x)+ f(i)) mod table size
    4. hi(x)= X mod 17

42. Binary Search Tree voilates the condition of AVL tree when any node has balance equal to

    1. 2 or -2
    2. 1 or -1
    3. 0
    4. None of the options.

43. Binary Tree traversal can be performed with the help of ________ .

    1. Recursive calls only
    2. Non-recursive calls
    3. Both Recursive and Non-recursive calls
    4. None of the given

44. If we want to find 3rd minimum element from an array of elements, then after applying buildHeap method, how many times deleteMin method will be called?

    1. 1
    2. 2
    3. 3
    4. 4

45. Suppose we have been given the following data set for a Queue.
    7 5 2 4
    What will be the resultant Queue if we call enqueue(3) method?
    Note that 7 is the front element whereas 4 is rear element of queue.

    1. 7 5 2 4
    2. 3 7 5 2 4
    3. 7 5 2 4 3
    4. 5 2 4 3

46. What will be result of following postfix expression?
    
    1 2 3 * + 2 -

    1. 3
    2. 4
    3. 5
    4. 10

47. The binary tree is the maximum level of its leaves (also called the depth).

    1. Level
    2. Width
    3. Height
    4. None of the given

48. Left, right, info, and parent are the operation of ________ data structure.

    1. Stack
    2. Tree
    3. Queue
    4. Linked List

49. Suppose there is an image segmented into pixels. Each pixel has ________ neighbour(s).

    1. 0
    2. 4
    3. 8
    4. 16

50. If there are 100 elements in a heap, and 100 deleteMin operation are performed, will get ________ list.

    1. Sorted
    2. Unsorted
    3. Nonlinear
    4. None of the given

51. The percolateDown procedure will move the smaller value ________ and bigger value ________.

    1. left, right
    2. right, left
    3. down, up
    4. up, down

52. Write in postfix form 5 * (9 - 7)

    1. 5 (9 7 -) *
    2. 5 9 * 7 -
    3. 5 9 7 - *
    4. 5 (9 7 -)

53. A queue where the dequeue operation does not depend upon FIFO, is called:

    1. enqueue
    2. simple queue
    3. stack
    4. priority queue

54. Which of the following operation returns but do not removes top value of the stack?

    1. push
    2. pop
    3. top
    4. first

55. Which one of the following is known as "Last-In, First-Out" or LIFO Data Structure?

    1. Linked List
    2. Stack
    3. Queue
    4. Tree

56. Searching an element in an AVL tree takes maximum _______ time (where n is number of nodes in AVL tree).

    1. Log₂(n+1)
    2. Log₂(n+1) -1
    3. 1.44 Log₂n
    4. 1.66 Log₂n

57. What is the depth of any tree if the union operation is performed by height?

    1. O(N)
    2. O(N log N)
    3. O(log N)
    4. O(M log N)

58. What are the basic things associated with data structures?

    1. Space for each data item it stores
    2. Time to perform each basic operation
    3. Programming effort
    4. All of the given

59. Which one of the following calling methods does not change the original value of the argument in the calling function?

    1. Call by passing the value of the argument
    2. Call by passing reference of the argument
    3. Call by passing the address of the argument
    4. Call by passing pointer of the argument

60. When we compare recursive method calls and non-recursive method calls, following statement is true.

    1. Recursion is implementted in the same way as other functioncalls are implemented
    2. Non-recursive methods are always efficient than recursive methods
    3. Both options are true
    4. None of the given options are true

61. Which of the following applications may use a stack?

    1. Accessing a shadred resource
    2. Parentheses balancing program
    3. Buffering messages
    4. Waiting list

62. In simple or singly linked list there is/are ________ pointer/s in each node.

    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four

63. Here is a small function definition:
    void f(int i, int &k)
    {
    i = 1;
    k = 2;
    }
    Suppose that a main program has two integer variables x and y, which are given the value 0. Then the main program calls f(x,y); What are the values of x and y after the function f finishes?

    1. Both x and y are still 0.
    2. x is now 1, but y is still 0.
    3. x is still 0, but y is now 2.
    4. x is now 1, and y is now 2.

64. given the values are the array representation of heap:
    12 23 26 31 34 44 56 64 78 100
    What is the 5th smallest element in the given heap?

    1. 31
    2. 34
    3. 44
    4. 56

65. Binary Search can be categorized into which of following?

    1. Greedy algorithm
    2. Dynamic programming
    3. Divide and conquer
    4. Brute Force technique

66. The union operation is based on size or weight but the reducing the in-between links or path compression from ________ to the ________ is done by the find method.

    1. roots, node
    2. nodes, root
    3. root, root
    4. node, node

67. In singly linked list a node consists of two parts:

    1. Object and structure
    2. Two pointers
    3. Two objects
    4. Object and pointer

68. The most difficult case for deleting a node from Binary Search Tree is when the node to be deleted ________.

    1. is Leaf node
    2. has only left children (subtree)
    3. has only right children (subtree)
    4. has both the left and right children (subtree)

69. Linked list always contains elements that can be described as,

    1. Redundant
    2. Recursive
    3. Self-referential
    4. Bidirectional

70. A hash function returns a ________ value.

    1. Integer
    2. Double
    3. Float
    4. Char

71. The ________ of a node in a binary tree is defined as the height of its left subtree minus height of its right subtree.

    1. Height
    2. Balance
    3. Width
    4. None of the above

72. for every process executing, the last part of the memory is for ________ of the program.

    1. Data
    2. Code
    3. Stack
    4. Heap

73. Can we store elements with different data types in a single array?

    1. Yes
    2. No
    3. In some cases
    4. None of the given

74. A solution is said to be efficient if it solves the problem within its resource constraints i.e. hardware and time.

    1. True
    2. False

75. Leaf node of binary search tree contains ________.

    1. One Null pointer
    2. Three Null pointers
    3. Two Null pointers
    4. All of the given

76. Y = &x[0];
    In the above statement, we get address of the first location of the array x and store
    it in y. Here "y" is:

    1. rvalue
    2. xvalue
    3. lvalue
    4. zvalue

77. In ________, a programmer uses two pointers in the node, i.e. one to point to next node and the other to point to the previous node.

    1. Linked list
    2. Doubly-linked list
    3. Array
    4. Structure

78. Which one of the following is NOT true regarding the skip list?

    1. Each list Si contains the special keys + infinity and -infinity
    2. List S0 contains the keys of S in non-decreasing order
    3. List Sh contains only the n special keys
    4. Each list is a subsequence of previous one

79. If there are N elements in an array then the number of maximum steps needed to find an element using Binary Search is ___________.

    1. N
    2. N2
    3. Nlog₂N
    4. log₂N

80. In a tree, we link the nodes in such a way that it ________ a linear structure.

    1. does not remain
    2. forms
    3. reverses
    4. remains

81. If there are N internal nodes in a binary tree then what will be the no. of external nodes in this binary tree?

    1. N -1
    2. N
    3. N +1
    4. N +2

82. If the height of a perfect binary tree is 4. What will be the total number of nodes in it?

    1. 15
    2. 16
    3. 31
    4. 32

83. Every AVL is ___________.

    1. Ternary Tree
    2. Complete Binary Tree
    3. Heap
    4. Binary Search Tree

84. which of the following function don't belongs to the stack class?

    1. push()
    2. pop()
    3. crash()
    4. top()

85. Each node in doubly link list has

    1. 1 pointer
    2. 2 pointers
    3. 3 pointers
    4. 4 pointers

86. Every AVL is ___________.

    1. Binary Tree
    2. Complete Binary Tree
    3. Binary Search Tree
    4. None of the given

87. Consider the following expression:
    x - y * a + b / c
    Which of the following is a correct equivalent expression for the above?

    1. x y -a * b +c /
    2. x *y a - b c / +
    3. x y a * - b c / +
    4. x y a * - b/ + c

88. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the maze generation?

    1. Randomly remove walls until the entrance and exit cells are in same set
    2. Do not remove a randomly chosen wall if the cells it separates are already in the same set
    3. Remove a randomly chosen wall if the cells it separates are already in the same set
    4. Removing a wall is the same as doing a union operation

89. ~BinarySearchTree() is a ________ .

    1. Constructor
    2. Destructor
    3. Switch case
    4. Template method call

90. Which of the following is correct about AVL Tree?

    1. It is identical to BST except height of the left and right subtrees can differ by at least 1.
    2. It is identical to BST except height of the left and right subtrees must differ by at least 1.
    3. It is not identical to BST, it is totally different kind of tree.
    4. It is identical to BST except height of the left and right subtrees can differ by at most 1.

91. Parameters in function call are passed using,

    1. Stack
    2. Queue
    3. Binary Search Tree
    4. AVL Tree

92. The new operation in C++ for dynamically allocating memory returns,

    1. Size of the memory it has allocated
    2. Pointer to the memory it has allocated
    3. Both size and pointer to the memory it has allocated
    4. Value of the memory it has allocated

93. Consider the following function:
    void test_a(int n)
    {
    cout << n << " ";
    if (n>0)
    test_a(n-2);
    }
    What is printed by the call test_a(4)?

    1. 4 2 0
    2. 0 2 4
    3. 0 2
    4. 2 4

94. The variables which are destroyed automatically when a function's execution ends are:

    1. Global variables
    2. Local variables defined inside function body
    3. Variables (objects) defined inside function body dynamically
    4. Variables (objects) defined inside function body statically

95. In 1990, Bill pugh proposed an enhancement on linked lists and the new data structure was termed as

    1. Linked list
    2. B-Tree
    3. Skip list
    4. Spelling checker

96. Which operation of queue data structure is used to get front element from the queue and then remove it from the queue?

    1. enqueue()
    2. dequeue()
    3. front()
    4. remove()

97. What will be the result of evaluation following expression?
    5+3*2/(6-3)

    1. 3
    2. 5
    3. 7
    4. 10

98. What will be the postfix expression of following infix expression?
    A*B/C+D-E

    1. A B / C * D + E -
    2. A B * C / D + E -
    3. A B * C + D E / -
    4. A B + C D / + E -

99. Sorting procedure normally takes ________ time.

    1. NLogN
    2. 2N
    3. N*N*N
    4. N

100. In the poat-order traversal of a binary search tree, nodes process as:

     1. Left-subtree, Right-subtree, Root
     2. Rightt-subtree, Root, Left-subtree
     3. Left-subtree, Root, Right-subtree
     4. Rightt-subtree, Left-subtree, Root

101. For reference variables, ________ sign is used.

     1. ampersand
     2. asterisk
     3. sigma
     4. dollar

102. An array x of 100 integers is declared as

     1. int x = [100];
     2. int x[100];
     3. integer array x = 100;
     4. integer x [] = 100;

103. Which of the following statement is false?

     1. Arrays are dense lists and static data structure
     2. data elements in linked list need not be stored in adjecent space in memory
     3. pointers store the next data element of a list
     4. linked lists are collection of the nodes that contain information part and next pointer

104. "new int[11]" will allocate memory for ________ integers.

     1. 10
     2. 11
     3. 12
     4. 13

105. What will be postfix expression of the following infix expression?
     Infix Expression: a+b*c-d

     1. ab+c*d-
     2. abc*+d-
     3. abcd+*-
     4. abc+*d-

106. Consider the following pseudo code
     declare a stack of characters
     while ( there are more characters in the word to read )
     {
     read a character
     push the character on the stack
     }
     while ( the stack is not empty )
     {
     pop a character off the stack
     write the character to the screen
     }
     What is written to the screen for the input "apples"?

     1. selpa
     2. selppa
     3. apples
     4. aaappppplleess

107. If a hash function returns 4 for more than one value, this condition is called ________.

     1. Merging
     2. Collision
     3. Mapping
     4. Clustering

108. If unions are done by weight (size), the depth of any element is never greater than

     1. log 3n
     2. log₂ n
     3. n log₂ n
     4. log n*n

109. ________ in AVL is logarithmic.

     1. Updating
     2. Searching
     3. Deletion
     4. Insertion

110. If there are 56 internal nodes in a binary tree then how many external nodes this binary tree will have?

     1. 54
     2. 57
     3. 56
     4. 55

111. There are four cases of rotation is an ________ tree.

     1. ELV
     2. EVL
     3. AVL
     4. ALV

112. If we singly linked list to implement list, then there is an issue that it gives difficulty when we:

     1. Move forward in the list
     2. Move backward in the list
     3. We will increase its size
     4. We will decrease its size

113. a * (b+c)-d is an example of ________ expression.

     1. infix
     2. prefix
     3. postfix
     4. allfix

114. If Ahmad is cousin of Ali and Ali is cousin of Asad then Ahmad is also cousin of Asad. This statement has the following property

     1. Reflexivity
     2. Symmetry
     3. Transitivity
     4. All of the given

115. Which of the following heap method lowers the value of key at position 'p' by the amount 'delta'?

     1. increaseKey(p,delta)
     2. decreaseKey(p,delta)
     3. percolateDown(p,delta)
     4. remove(p,delta)

116. Heap can be used to implement

     1. Stack
     2. Linked list
     3. Queue
     4. Priority Queue

117. If class A defines class B as its friend, then:

     1. Class A can access private members of Class B
     2. Class B can access only the public members of Class A
     3. Class A can access only the public members of Class B
     4. Class B can access private members of Class A

118. From Operating System point of view, the recursive function calls are made with the help of ________.

     1. Queue
     2. Stack
     3. Linked list
     4. Binary Search Tree

119. Which property of equivalence relation is satisfied if we say:
     Ahmad R(is related to) Ahmad

     1. Reflexivity
     2. Symmetry
     3. Transitivity
     4. All of the given

120. Which of the following operations returns "most recently entered value" from the stack?

     1. Push
     2. Recent
     3. Top
     4. First

121. Trying to remove an element from an empty stack is called ________ .

     1. Garbage collector
     2. Overflow of stack
     3. Empty collection
     4. Underflow of stack

122. For compiler, a postfix expression is easier to evaluate than infix expression?

     1. True
     2. False

123. The expression DE+H* is called ________.

     1. Prefix expression
     2. Infixexepression
     3. Postfix expression
     4. Hybrid expression

124. One difference between a queue and a stack is

     1. Queues require dynamic memory, but stacks do not.
     2. Stacks require dynamic memory, but queues do not.
     3. Queues use two ends of the structure, stacks use only one.
     4. Stacks use two ends of the structure, queues use only one.

125. Which of the following properties are satisfied by Equivalence relationship?

     1. Reflexive, Symmetric
     2. Reflexive, Transitive
     3. Symmetric, transitive
     4. Reflexive, Symmetric and Transitive

126. Suppose there is an image of 7 * 7, now we will have matrix of ________ rows and ________ columns.

     1. 7, 7
     2. 49, 49
     3. 100, 100
     4. 8, 8

127. ________ is the stack characteristic but ________ was implemented because of the size limitation of the array.

     1. isFull(), isEmpty()
     2. pop(), push()
     3. isEmpty(), isFull()
     4. push(), pop()

128. In the call by ________ methodology, a copy of the object is passed to the called function.

     1. Reference
     2. Value
     3. Reference & Value
     4. Copy of the object can not be passed

129. The tree structure is a

     1. Linear data structure
     2. Non-linear data structure
     3. Graphical data structure
     4. data structure like queue

130. An array is a group of ________ memory locations.

     1. Scattered
     2. Isolated
     3. Random (non-consecutive)
     4. Consecutive

131. What is the time complexity of binary search with iteration?

     1. O(nlogn)
     2. O(n2)
     3. O(n)
     4. O(logn)

132. Recursive call of a function use ________ data structure.

     1. Linked List
     2. Queue
     3. Stack
     4. Table

133. Binary search algorithem cannot be applied to ________ .

     1. sortrd linked list
     2. sorted binary trees
     3. sorted linear array
     4. None of the given

134. given the values are the array representation of heap:
     12 23 26 31 34 44 56 64 78 100
     If we perform 4 deleteMin operations, the last element deleted is ________.

     1. 31
     2. 34
     3. 44
     4. 56

135. The easiest case of deleting a node from BST is the case in which the node to be deleted _________.

     1. Is a leaf node
     2. Has left subtree only
     3. Has right subtree only
     4. Has both left and right subtree

136. Stack and Queue can be implemented using ________.

     1. Singly Link List
     2. Binary Tree
     3. Binary Search Tree
     4. AVL Tree

137. Allocating and de-allocating memory for linked list nodes take ________ time than pre-allocated array.

     1. Less
     2. More
     3. Equal
     4. No

138. In simple implementation of stack, isFull() method is used due to ________.

     1. Limitation of array
     2. Strength of array
     3. Linked list connectivity
     4. Complexity of linked list

139. Which of the is NOT true regarding the maze generation?

     1. Randomly remove walls until the entrance and exit cells are in same set.
     2. Removing a wall is the same as doing a union operation
     3. Remove a randomly chosen wall if the cells it separates are alreadly in same set
     4. Do not remove a randomly chosen wall if the cells it separates are alreadly in same set.

140. ________ is an area in computer memory that is allocated dynamically.

     1. Heap
     2. Stack
     3. Queue
     4. Linked List

141. In case of insertion of right inner node in BST,

     1. we need to apply single left rotation to make it AVL tree.
     2. we need to apply single right rotation to make it AVL tree.
     3. single left rotation first and then single right rotation to make it AVL tree.
     4. single right rotation first and then single left rotation to make it AVL tree.

142. AVL tree is linear data structure.

     1. TRUE
     2. FALSE
     3. In some cases
     4. None of the given

143. _________ only removes items in reverse order as they were entered.

     1. Stack
     2. Queue
     3. Both of the given
     4. None of the given

144. The balance of a node is the result of "height of left subtree" ________ "height of right subtree".

     1. Plus
     2. Minus
     3. Multiply
     4. Divided by

145. Suppose there are 100 elements in an equivalence class, so initially there will be 100 trees. The collection of these trees is called

     1. Cluster
     2. Class
     3. Forest
     4. Bunch

146. Consider the linked list having data [6, 72, 35, 65, 25] stored in it. While current pointer is pointing to memory location having 72 stored in it. After calling add(4) function on the following linked list current point will point to memory location having value?

     1. 72
     2. 35
     3. 4
     4. 25

147. In which of the following function signatures, the value of variable "num" cannot be changed in function body?

     1. int cube(int num)
     2. int cube(int& num)
     3. int cube(const int& num)
     4. int cube(int* num)

148. A complete binary tree having "N" nodes consists of ________ Levels.

     1. Log₂ (N+1) -1
     2. Log₂ (N-1) -1
     3. Log₂ (N+1) +1
     4. Log₂ (N-1) +1

149. Which of the following is not a form of exoression?

     1. Infix
     2. Postfix
     3. Prefix
     4. Pastfix

150. New items are added at the ________ of the stack.

     1. Bottom
     2. Middle
     3. Top
     4. Center

151. An efficient program executes faster and helps in ________ the usage of resources like memory and disk.

     1. Maximizing
     2. Minimizing
     3. Equalizing
     4. None of the given

152. If we use array to implement list, then there is an issue that it gives difficulty when:

     1. We will access values randomly
     2. We will remove data from it
     3. We will increase its size
     4. We will decrease its size

153. The total number of nodes on 10th level of a perfect binary tree are :

     1. 256
     2. 512
     3. 1024
     4. Can't be determined

154. get(?) method of list class is used to:

     1. Get element from the last position
     2. Get element from the first position
     3. Get element from the middle position
     4. Get element at the given position

155. Suppose a hash function returns 6 for the given value. At which indexof array the value will be saved?

     1. 0
     2. 5
     3. 6
     4. 7

156. Which of the following is true regarding the maze generation?

     1. Randomly remove walls until the entrance and exit cells are in same set.
     2. Removing a wall is the same as doing a union operation
     3. Do not remove a randomly chosen wall if the cells it separates are already in the same set
     4. All of the given

157. Suppose n is the number of nodes in a complete Binary Tree, then maximum steps required for a search operation are

     1. Log₂ (n+1) -1
     2. Log₂ (n+1)
     3. Log₂ (n) -1
     4. Log₂ (n)

158. The worst case of searching in binary search tree (BST) is:

     1. When the data inserted in BST is sorted
     2. When the height of left sub-tree is greater than right sub-tree
     3. When the height of right sub-tree is greater than left sub-tree
     4. When the tree is balanced

159. A binary tree with 24 internal nodes has ________ external nodes.

     1. 22
     2. 23
     3. 48
     4. 25

160. While implementing non-recusive traversal for Binary SearchTree, we need to implement ________ .

     1. Queue
     2. Stack
     3. Min heap
     4. Max heap

161. back() method of list class is used to:

     1. Moves the "current" pointer to backward one element.
     2. Moves the "current" pointer to backward two element.
     3. Moves the "current" pointer to backward three element.
     4. Moves the "current" pointer to backward four element.

162. Avl tree takes maximum ________ time to search an element.

     1. 1.44 Log2n
     2. Log2(n+n)
     3. Log2(n+1)+1
     4. 1.88 Log2n

163. In singly linked list which node will keep track of starting position of the list.

     1. Next Node
     2. Previous Node
     3. Head Node
     4. Last Node

164. ________ is when function is calling to itself.

     1. Loop
     2. Recursion
     3. Iteration
     4. Nasted loop

165. Which property of equivalence relation is satisfied if we say:
     Ahmad is cousin of Ali and Ali is also cousin of Ahmad

     1. Reflexivity
     2. Symmetry
     3. Transitivity
     4. All of the given

166. Which of the following is correct statement?

     1. An AVL tree is identical to BST expect height of the left and right subtree can differ by at most 1.
     2. An AVL tree is identical to BST expect height of the left and right subtree can differ by at least 1.
     3. An AVL tree is identical to BST expect height of the left and right subtree must differ by at least 1.
     4. An AVL tree is not identical to BST, its another kind of tree.

167. For a perfect binary tree of height h, having N nodes, the sum of hights of nodes ia ________.

     1. N - h - 1
     2. N - 1
     3. N - 1 + h
     4. N - (h - 1)

168. In level-order traversal for Binary Search Tree, at each level, we visit the nodes in ________ order.

     1. right-to-left
     2. left-to-right
     3. top to botton
     4. any

169. If there are 23 external nodes in a binary tree then what will be the no. of internal nodes in this binary tree?

     1. 23
     2. 24
     3. 22
     4. 21

170. What will be the value of root of an AVL and BST if built from the same data?

     1. Same
     2. Different in some cases
     3. Root of AVL is square of root of BST
     4. None of the given

171. Which one of the following is NOT the property of equivalence relation?

     1. Reflexive
     2. Symmetric
     3. Transitive
     4. Associative

172. next() method of List class is used to:

     1. Moves current position backward one element
     2. Moves the "current" pointer to two steps after the last elementof the array
     3. Moves the current position forward one element
     4. Moves the "current" pointer to two steps before the last element of the array

173. For searching a particular number in Binary Search Tree (if it is not present), the maximum number of comparisons will be ________ comparison at each level.

     1. 1
     2. 2
     3. 3
     4. 4

174. Which of the following can be used to reverse a string value?

     1. Stack
     2. Queue
     3. Both of these
     4. None of the given

175. int htdiff = height(root->getLeft()) ________ height(root->getRight());
     The above line of code is taken from AVL insert method. Complete it by selecting an appropriate symbol.

     1. -
     2. +
     3. /
     4. *

176. Which of the following possible operation are performed on Table ADT?

     1. Insert, Remove
     2. Find, Remove
     3. Insert, Find
     4. Insert, Find, Remove

177. During union by size method, which data structure is used to improve the balancing of tree?

     1. Array
     2. Stack
     3. Linked List
     4. Tree

178. Consider the function X as under
     int X (int& Value)
     {
     return Value;
     }
     Now a and b are integers in a calling function. Which one of the following is a valid call to the above function X?

     1. a = X(b);
     2. a = X(&b);
     3. a = X(*b);
     4. a = X(&*b);

179. If a tree has 50 nodes, then the total edges/links in the tree will be:

     1. 55
     2. 51
     3. 50
     4. 49

180. Which of the following statement is NOT correct regarding Table ADT?

     1. In a table, the type of information in columns may be different.
     2. A table consists of deveral columns known as entities
     3. The row of a table is called a record
     4. A major use of table is in databases where we build and use tables for keeping information

181. If there are 100 elements in an equivalence class then we will have ________ sets initially.

     1. 50
     2. 100
     3. 1000
     4. 80

182. Longest path from root node to farthest leaf node is called ________ of tree.

     1. Level
     2. Length
     3. Depth
     4. Node level

183. What is the maximum depth of recursive calls a function may make?

     1. 1
     2. 2
     3. n (where n is the argument)
     4. There is no fixed maximum

184. If a tree has 20 edges/links, then the total number of nodes in the tree will be:

     1. 19
     2. 20
     3. 21
     4. Can't be determined

185. In C++, we place the class interface in ________ file.

     1. .cpp
     2. .cppp
     3. .h
     4. .hh

186. A table consists of several columns, known as

     1. Entity
     2. Tuple
     3. Fields
     4. Record

187. What will be postfix expression of the following infix expression?
     Infix Expression: a+b*c-d

     1. ab+c*d-
     2. abc*+d-
     3. abc+*d-
     4. abcd+*-

188. Non-recursive calls are faster than which of the following calls?

     1. Parameterized
     2. Recursive
     3. Function
     4. Non-Function

189. If there are N external nodes in a binary tree then what will be the no. of internal nodes in this binary tree?

     1. N -1
     2. N+1
     3. N+2
     4. N

190. Each operator in a postfix expression refers to the previous ________ operand(s).

     1. One
     2. Two
     3. Three
     4. Four

191. Doubly Linked List always has ________ NULL pointer/s in a node.

     1. One
     2. Two
     3. Three
     4. Four

192. The total number of nodes on 5th level of a perfect binary tree are :

     1. 16
     2. 15
     3. 31
     4. 32

193. Consider a hash table of size seven, with starting index zero, and a hash function (3x + 4)mod7. Assuming the hash table is initially empty, which of the following is the contents of table when the sequence 1, 3, 8, 10 is inserted into the table using closed hashing? NOte that '_' denotes an empty location in the table.

     1. 8, _, _, _, _, _, 10
     2. 1, _, _, _, _, _, 3
     3. 1, 10, 8, _, _, _, 3
     4. 1, 8, 10, _, _, _, 3

194. When an executable program runs, it is loaded in the computer memory and becomes a ________ .

     1. Thread
     2. .h file
     3. Process
     4. None of the given

Select a course code for Objective Questions:

ACC311 ACC501 BIF101 BIF401 BIF501 BIO101 BIO201 BIO202 BIO203 BIO204 BIO301 BIO302 BIO303 BIO401 BIO503 BNK603 BT101 BT201 BT301 BT302 BT401 BT402 BT403 BT404 BT405 BT406 BT501 BT504 BT505 BT604 CHE201 CHE301 CS001 CS101 CS201 CS202 CS204 CS301 CS302 CS304 CS311 CS401 CS402 CS403 CS408 CS501 CS502 CS504 CS506 CS508 CS601 CS602 CS604 CS605 CS607 CS609 CS610 CS614 CS707 CS710 ECO401 ECO402 ECO403 ECO404 EDU302 EDU401 EDU402 EDU501 EDU601 ENG101 ENG201 ENG301 ENG501 FIN611 FIN624 FIN625 ISL201 IT430 MCM101 MCM301 MGMT623 MGT101 MGT211 MGT301 MGT401 MGT402 MGT501 MGT502 MGT503 MGT510 MGT601 MGT603 MKT501 MKT610 MKT630 MTH101 MTH202 MTH302 MTH501 MTH601 MTH634 PAK301 PHY101 PHY301 PSY101 PSY403 PSY502 PSY512 SOC101 SOC301 SOC401 STA301 STA630 STA641 ZOO102 ZOO401 ZOO501 ZOO502 ZOO503 ZOO504 ZOO505 ZOO506 ZOO510 ZOO630

Select a course code for Subjective Questions:

ACC311 CS001 CS101 CS201 CS301 CS607 CS701 CS702 CS703 CS704 CS707 CS708 CS710 CS711 CS718 CS721 CS724 ECO401 ECO403 ENG101 ENG301 MGT703 MTH501 STA301