Data Structures (CS301)

1. Which of the following applications may use a stack?

   1. Accessing a shadred resource
   2. Parentheses balancing program
   3. Buffering messages
   4. Waiting list

2. Consider the function X as under
   int X (int& Value)
   {
   return Value;
   }
   Now a and b are integers in a calling function. Which one of the following is a valid call to the above function X?

   1. a = X(b);
   2. a = X(&b);
   3. a = X(*b);
   4. a = X(&*b);

3. AVL tree is linear data structure.

   1. TRUE
   2. FALSE
   3. In some cases
   4. None of the given

4. If we singly linked list to implement list, then there is an issue that it gives difficulty when we:

   1. Move forward in the list
   2. Move backward in the list
   3. We will increase its size
   4. We will decrease its size

5. The ________ of a node in a binary tree is defined as the height of its left subtree minus height of its right subtree.

   1. Height
   2. Balance
   3. Width
   4. None of the above

6. When we compare recursive method calls and non-recursive method calls, following statement is true.

   1. Recursion is implementted in the same way as other functioncalls are implemented
   2. Non-recursive methods are always efficient than recursive methods
   3. Both options are true
   4. None of the given options are true

7. In 1990, Bill pugh proposed an enhancement on linked lists and the new data structure was termed as

   1. Linked list
   2. B-Tree
   3. Skip list
   4. Spelling checker

8. An array x of 100 integers is declared as

   1. int x = [100];
   2. int x[100];
   3. integer array x = 100;
   4. integer x [] = 100;

9. A Linear Data Structure is the data structure in which data elements are arranged in a sequence or a linear list. Which of the following is Non Linear Data Structure?

   1. Arrays
   2. Linked Lists
   3. Binary Search Trees
   4. Stack

10. The total number of nodes on 5th level of a perfect binary tree are :

    1. 16
    2. 15
    3. 31
    4. 32

11. Select the one FALSE statement about binary trees:

    1. Every binary tree has at least one node.
    2. Every non-empty tree has exactly one root node.
    3. Every node has at most two children.
    4. Every non-root node has exactly one parent.

12. Consider a hash table of size seven, with starting index zero, and a hash function (3x + 4)mod7. Assuming the hash table is initially empty, which of the following is the contents of table when the sequence 1, 3, 8, 10 is inserted into the table using closed hashing? NOte that '_' denotes an empty location in the table.

    1. 8, _, _, _, _, _, 10
    2. 1, _, _, _, _, _, 3
    3. 1, 10, 8, _, _, _, 3
    4. 1, 8, 10, _, _, _, 3

13. If a tree has 20 edges/links, then the total number of nodes in the tree will be:

    1. 19
    2. 20
    3. 21
    4. Can't be determined

14. Consider the following expression:
    x - y * a + b / c
    Which of the following is a correct equivalent expression for the above?

    1. x y -a * b +c /
    2. x *y a - b c / +
    3. x y a * - b c / +
    4. x y a * - b/ + c

15. In C++, we place the class interface in ________ file.

    1. .cpp
    2. .cppp
    3. .h
    4. .hh

16. In level-order traversal for Binary Search Tree, at each level, we visit the nodes in ________ order.

    1. right-to-left
    2. left-to-right
    3. top to botton
    4. any

17. The variables which are destroyed automatically when a function's execution ends are:

    1. Global variables
    2. Local variables defined inside function body
    3. Variables (objects) defined inside function body dynamically
    4. Variables (objects) defined inside function body statically

18. Write in postfix form 5 * (9 - 7)

    1. 5 (9 7 -) *
    2. 5 9 * 7 -
    3. 5 9 7 - *
    4. 5 (9 7 -)

19. Non-recursive calls are faster than which of the following calls?

    1. Parameterized
    2. Recursive
    3. Function
    4. Non-Function

20. If there are 100 elements in an equivalence class then we will have ________ sets initially.

    1. 50
    2. 100
    3. 1000
    4. 80

21. Which of the following operation returns but do not removes top value of the stack?

    1. push
    2. pop
    3. top
    4. first

22. If we use array to implement list, then there is an issue that it gives difficulty when:

    1. We will access values randomly
    2. We will remove data from it
    3. We will increase its size
    4. We will decrease its size

23. Which of the following is not a form of exoression?

    1. Infix
    2. Postfix
    3. Prefix
    4. Pastfix

24. A hash function returns a ________ value.

    1. Integer
    2. Double
    3. Float
    4. Char

25. What will be postfix expression of the following infix expression?
    Infix Expression: a+b*c-d

    1. ab+c*d-
    2. abc*+d-
    3. abc+*d-
    4. abcd+*-

26. get(?) method of list class is used to:

    1. Get element from the last position
    2. Get element from the first position
    3. Get element from the middle position
    4. Get element at the given position

27. Heap can be used to implement

    1. Stack
    2. Linked list
    3. Queue
    4. Priority Queue

28. Suppose there is an image segmented into pixels. Each pixel has ________ neighbour(s).

    1. 0
    2. 4
    3. 8
    4. 16

29. The most difficult case for deleting a node from Binary Search Tree is when the node to be deleted ________.

    1. is Leaf node
    2. has only left children (subtree)
    3. has only right children (subtree)
    4. has both the left and right children (subtree)

30. What will be postfix expression of the following infix expression?
    Infix Expression: a+b*c-d

    1. ab+c*d-
    2. abc*+d-
    3. abcd+*-
    4. abc+*d-

31. Array cells are ________ in computer memory.

    1. Contiguous
    2. Random
    3. Store in multiple variables
    4. Store in multiple functions

32. Avl tree takes maximum ________ time to search an element.

    1. 1.44 Log2n
    2. Log2(n+n)
    3. Log2(n+1)+1
    4. 1.88 Log2n

33. Each node in doubly link list has

    1. 1 pointer
    2. 2 pointers
    3. 3 pointers
    4. 4 pointers

34. Suppose there are a set of fruits and a set of vegetables. Both sets are ________ sets.

    1. Disjoint
    2. Subsets
    3. Whole
    4. Equal

35. Every AVL is ___________.

    1. Ternary Tree
    2. Complete Binary Tree
    3. Heap
    4. Binary Search Tree

36. There are four cases of rotation is an ________ tree.

    1. ELV
    2. EVL
    3. AVL
    4. ALV

37. Suppose there is an image of 7 * 7, now we will have matrix of ________ rows and ________ columns.

    1. 7, 7
    2. 49, 49
    3. 100, 100
    4. 8, 8

38. a * (b+c)-d is an example of ________ expression.

    1. infix
    2. prefix
    3. postfix
    4. allfix

39. Which operation of queue data structure is used to get front element from the queue and then remove it from the queue?

    1. enqueue()
    2. dequeue()
    3. front()
    4. remove()

40. During the union by size method, all the array element initialized to -1 shows:

    1. Tree is complete now
    2. Initial condition of tree
    3. Every tree has two elements each
    4. None of given

41. If Ahmad is cousin of Ali and Ali is cousin of Asad then Ahmad is also cousin of Asad. This statement has the following property

    1. Reflexivity
    2. Symmetry
    3. Transitivity
    4. All of the given

42. The tree data structure is a

    1. Linear data structure
    2. Non-linear data structure
    3. Graphical data structure
    4. Data structure like queue

43. Each operator in a postfix expression refers to the previous ________ operand(s).

    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four

44. What is the time complexity of binary search with iteration?

    1. O(nlogn)
    2. O(n2)
    3. O(n)
    4. O(logn)

45. What are the basic things associated with data structures?

    1. Space for each data item it stores
    2. Time to perform each basic operation
    3. Programming effort
    4. All of the given

46. Allocating and de-allocating memory for linked list nodes take ________ time than pre-allocated array.

    1. Less
    2. More
    3. Equal
    4. No

47. If we want to find median of 50 elements, then after applying buildHeap methd, how many times deleteMin method will be called?

    1. 5
    2. 25
    3. 35
    4. 50

48. Which one of the following statement is correct?

    1. Array size is fixed once it is created
    2. Link List size is fixed once it is created
    3. Binary Search Tree size is fixed once it is created
    4. AVL Tree size is fixed once it is created

49. Which of the following properties are satisfied by Equivalence relationship?

    1. Reflexive, Symmetric
    2. Reflexive, Transitive
    3. Symmetric, transitive
    4. Reflexive, Symmetric and Transitive

50. Which one of the following is known as "Last-In, First-Out" or LIFO Data Structure?

    1. Linked List
    2. Stack
    3. Queue
    4. Tree

51. What will be result of following postfix expression?
    
    1 2 3 * + 2 -

    1. 3
    2. 4
    3. 5
    4. 10

52. If there are 56 internal nodes in a binary tree then how many external nodes this binary tree will have?

    1. 54
    2. 57
    3. 56
    4. 55

53. Parameters in function call are passed using,

    1. Stack
    2. Queue
    3. Binary Search Tree
    4. AVL Tree

54. Which one of the following is NOT the property of equivalence relation?

    1. Reflexive
    2. Symmetric
    3. Transitive
    4. Associative

55. The binary tree is the maximum level of its leaves (also called the depth).

    1. Level
    2. Width
    3. Height
    4. None of the given

56. The percolateDown procedure will move the smaller value ________ and bigger value ________.

    1. left, right
    2. right, left
    3. down, up
    4. up, down

57. In the statement int& a=b;

    1. a and b pointing to two different memory location
    2. a and b are two different names of the same memory location
    3. a and b are two different variable names
    4. b hold the address of variable a

58. Longest path from root node to farthest leaf node is called ________ of tree.

    1. Level
    2. Length
    3. Depth
    4. Node level

59. Consider the linked list having data [6, 72, 35, 65, 25] stored in it. While current pointer is pointing to memory location having 72 stored in it. After calling add(4) function on the following linked list current point will point to memory location having value?

    1. 72
    2. 35
    3. 4
    4. 25

60. Trying to remove an element from an empty stack is called ________ .

    1. Garbage collector
    2. Overflow of stack
    3. Empty collection
    4. Underflow of stack

61. Which of the following is NOT an open addressing technique to resolve collisions?

    1. Quadratic probing
    2. Double hashing
    3. Cubic probing
    4. Linear probing

62. In doubly linked list there is/are _______ pointer/s in each node.

    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four

63. Which of the is NOT true regarding the maze generation?

    1. Randomly remove walls until the entrance and exit cells are in same set.
    2. Removing a wall is the same as doing a union operation
    3. Remove a randomly chosen wall if the cells it separates are alreadly in same set
    4. Do not remove a randomly chosen wall if the cells it separates are alreadly in same set.

64. which of the following function don't belongs to the stack class?

    1. push()
    2. pop()
    3. crash()
    4. top()

65. The ________ method of list data structure removes the element residing at the current position

    1. Add
    2. Next
    3. Remove
    4. Find

66. The worst case of searching in binary search tree (BST) is:

    1. When the data inserted in BST is sorted
    2. When the height of left sub-tree is greater than right sub-tree
    3. When the height of right sub-tree is greater than left sub-tree
    4. When the tree is balanced

67. If there are N internal nodes in a binary tree then what will be the no. of external nodes in this binary tree?

    1. N -1
    2. N
    3. N +1
    4. N +2

68. If there are 100 elements in a heap, and 100 deleteMin operation are performed, will get ________ list.

    1. Sorted
    2. Unsorted
    3. Nonlinear
    4. None of the given

69. In simple or singly linked list there is/are ________ pointer/s in each node.

    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four

70. For a perfect binary tree of height h, having N nodes, the sum of hights of nodes ia ________.

    1. N - h - 1
    2. N - 1
    3. N - 1 + h
    4. N - (h - 1)

71. If a tree has 50 nodes, then the total edges/links in the tree will be:

    1. 55
    2. 51
    3. 50
    4. 49

72. ________ is an area in computer memory that is allocated dynamically.

    1. Heap
    2. Stack
    3. Queue
    4. Linked List

73. The difference between a "Binary Tree (BT)" and a "Binary Search Tree (BST)" is that,

    1. A BST has two children per node whereas a BT can have none, one or two children per node
    2. In BST nodes are inserted based on the values they contain
    3. In BT nodes are inserted based on the values they contain
    4. There is no difference

74. The expression AB+C* is called?

    1. Prefix expression
    2. Postfix expression
    3. Infix expression
    4. Prefix and Infix expression

75. The depth of a binary tree is

    1. Total number of nodes in the tree
    2. Number of leaf nodes in the tree
    3. Number of non-leaf nodes in the tree
    4. Maximum level of a leaf

76. In tree, the search operation is ________ as compared to the linked list.

    1. Very fast
    2. not fast
    3. equally time-taken
    4. very slow

77. Here is a small function definition:
    void f(int i, int &k)
    {
    i = 1;
    k = 2;
    }
    Suppose that a main program has two integer variables x and y, which are given the value 0. Then the main program calls f(x,y); What are the values of x and y after the function f finishes?

    1. Both x and y are still 0.
    2. x is now 1, but y is still 0.
    3. x is still 0, but y is now 2.
    4. x is now 1, and y is now 2.

78. To search an element in ALV tree, it takes maximum 1.88 Log2n time.

    1. TRUE
    2. FALSE
    3. In some cases
    4. None of the given

79. Which of the following heap method lowers the value of key at position 'p' by the amount 'delta'?

    1. increaseKey(p,delta)
    2. decreaseKey(p,delta)
    3. percolateDown(p,delta)
    4. remove(p,delta)

80. What will be the value of root of an AVL and BST if built from the same data?

    1. Same
    2. Different in some cases
    3. Root of AVL is square of root of BST
    4. None of the given

81. Every AVL tree is a binary search tree.

    1. TRUE
    2. FALSE
    3. Not in some cases
    4. None of the given

82. _________ only removes items in reverse order as they were entered.

    1. Stack
    2. Queue
    3. Both of the given
    4. None of the given

83. Can we store elements with different data types in a single array?

    1. Yes
    2. No
    3. In some cases
    4. None of the given

84. If we have 1000 sets each containing a single different person. Which of the following relation will be true on each set:

    1. Reflexive
    2. Symmetric
    3. Transitive
    4. Associative

85. The array in binary search is sub divided ________.

    1. Once
    2. Twice
    3. N time
    4. Untill a sublist is no more divisible

86. Sorting procedure normally takes ________ time.

    1. NLogN
    2. 2N
    3. N*N*N
    4. N

87. In case of insertion of right inner node in BST,

    1. we need to apply single left rotation to make it AVL tree.
    2. we need to apply single right rotation to make it AVL tree.
    3. single left rotation first and then single right rotation to make it AVL tree.
    4. single right rotation first and then single left rotation to make it AVL tree.

88. Which of the following is correct statement?

    1. An AVL tree is identical to BST expect height of the left and right subtree can differ by at most 1.
    2. An AVL tree is identical to BST expect height of the left and right subtree can differ by at least 1.
    3. An AVL tree is identical to BST expect height of the left and right subtree must differ by at least 1.
    4. An AVL tree is not identical to BST, its another kind of tree.

89. int htdiff = height(root->getLeft()) ________ height(root->getRight());
    The above line of code is taken from AVL insert method. Complete it by selecting an appropriate symbol.

    1. -
    2. +
    3. /
    4. *

90. The expression DE+H* is called ________.

    1. Prefix expression
    2. Infixexepression
    3. Postfix expression
    4. Hybrid expression

91. Recursive call of a function use ________ data structure.

    1. Linked List
    2. Queue
    3. Stack
    4. Table

92. Consider the following infix expression.
    7/8 + 9
    If one converts the above expression into postfix. What would be the resultant expression?

    1. 7 8 9 / +
    2. 7 8 / + 9
    3. / 7 8 + 9
    4. 7 8 / 9 +

93. ~BinarySearchTree() is a ________ .

    1. Constructor
    2. Destructor
    3. Switch case
    4. Template method call

94. A table consists of several columns, known as

    1. Entity
    2. Tuple
    3. Fields
    4. Record

95. What will be the result of evaluation following expression?
    5+3*2/(6-3)

    1. 3
    2. 5
    3. 7
    4. 10

96. Each node in Binary Search Tree has

    1. 1 pointer
    2. 2 pointers
    3. 3 pointers
    4. 4 pointers

97. If ahmad is boss of ehsan and ehsan is boss of umer then ahmad is also boss of umer.
    The above mentioned relation is ________.

    1. Reflexive
    2. Symmetry
    3. Transitive
    4. None of the given

98. Which of the following statement is NOT correct regarding Table ADT?

    1. In a table, the type of information in columns may be different.
    2. A table consists of deveral columns known as entities
    3. The row of a table is called a record
    4. A major use of table is in databases where we build and use tables for keeping information

99. What will be the postfix expression of following infix expression?
    A*B/C+D-E

    1. A B / C * D + E -
    2. A B * C / D + E -
    3. A B * C + D E / -
    4. A B + C D / + E -

100. The new operation in C++ for dynamically allocating memory returns,

     1. Size of the memory it has allocated
     2. Pointer to the memory it has allocated
     3. Both size and pointer to the memory it has allocated
     4. Value of the memory it has allocated

101. If we want to find 3rd minimum element from an array of elements, then after applying buildHeap method, how many times deleteMin method will be called?

     1. 1
     2. 2
     3. 3
     4. 4

102. A binary tree with 24 internal nodes has ________ external nodes.

     1. 22
     2. 23
     3. 48
     4. 25

103. Local variables defined inside function body are ________ automatically at the end of function execution.

     1. created
     2. destroyed
     3. incremented
     4. decremented

104. An efficient program executes faster and helps in ________ the usage of resources like memory and disk.

     1. Maximizing
     2. Minimizing
     3. Equalizing
     4. None of the given

105. In the call by ________ methodology, a copy of the object is passed to the called function.

     1. Reference
     2. Value
     3. Reference & Value
     4. Copy of the object can not be passed

106. In simple implementation of stack, isFull() method is used due to ________.

     1. Limitation of array
     2. Strength of array
     3. Linked list connectivity
     4. Complexity of linked list

107. Searching an element in an AVL tree takes maximum _______ time (where n is number of nodes in AVL tree).

     1. Log₂(n+1)
     2. Log₂(n+1) -1
     3. 1.44 Log₂n
     4. 1.66 Log₂n

108. "new int[11]" will allocate memory for ________ integers.

     1. 10
     2. 11
     3. 12
     4. 13

109. The union operation is based on size or weight but the reducing the in-between links or path compression from ________ to the ________ is done by the find method.

     1. roots, node
     2. nodes, root
     3. root, root
     4. node, node

110. given the values are the array representation of heap:
     12 23 26 31 34 44 56 64 78 100
     What is the 5th smallest element in the given heap?

     1. 31
     2. 34
     3. 44
     4. 56

111. Binary Search can be categorized into which of following?

     1. Greedy algorithm
     2. Dynamic programming
     3. Divide and conquer
     4. Brute Force technique

112. Which one of the following calling methods does not change the original value of the argument in the calling function?

     1. Call by passing the value of the argument
     2. Call by passing reference of the argument
     3. Call by passing the address of the argument
     4. Call by passing pointer of the argument

113. Consider the following pseudo code
     declare a stack of characters
     while ( there are more characters in the word to read )
     {
     read a character
     push the character on the stack
     }
     while ( the stack is not empty )
     {
     pop a character off the stack
     write the character to the screen
     }
     What is written to the screen for the input "apples"?

     1. selpa
     2. selppa
     3. apples
     4. aaappppplleess

114. From Operating System point of view, the recursive function calls are made with the help of ________.

     1. Queue
     2. Stack
     3. Linked list
     4. Binary Search Tree

115. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the maze generation?

     1. Randomly remove walls until the entrance and exit cells are in same set
     2. Do not remove a randomly chosen wall if the cells it separates are already in the same set
     3. Remove a randomly chosen wall if the cells it separates are already in the same set
     4. Removing a wall is the same as doing a union operation

116. Binary Search Tree voilates the condition of AVL tree when any node has balance equal to

     1. 2 or -2
     2. 1 or -1
     3. 0
     4. None of the options.

117. Stack and Queue can be implemented using ________.

     1. Singly Link List
     2. Binary Tree
     3. Binary Search Tree
     4. AVL Tree

118. Which of the following statement is false?

     1. Arrays are dense lists and static data structure
     2. data elements in linked list need not be stored in adjecent space in memory
     3. pointers store the next data element of a list
     4. linked lists are collection of the nodes that contain information part and next pointer

119. Which of the following statement is NOT true for reference variable?

     1. Once a reference is created, it cannot be later made to reference another object.
     2. Reference cannot be NULL
     3. References can be uninitialized.
     4. It is not possible to refer directly to a reference object after it is defined.

120. Suppose a hash function returns 6 for the given value. At which indexof array the value will be saved?

     1. 0
     2. 5
     3. 6
     4. 7

121. for every process executing, the last part of the memory is for ________ of the program.

     1. Data
     2. Code
     3. Stack
     4. Heap

122. In which of the following function signatures, the value of variable "num" cannot be changed in function body?

     1. int cube(int num)
     2. int cube(int& num)
     3. int cube(const int& num)
     4. int cube(int* num)

123. The simplest case in a BST to delete a node is:

     1. When the node, that is to be deleted is root node
     2. When the node, that is to be deleted has both left and right child
     3. When the node, that is to be deleted has only one child
     4. When the node, that is to be deleted is a leaf node

124. A queue where the dequeue operation does not depend upon FIFO, is called:

     1. enqueue
     2. simple queue
     3. stack
     4. priority queue

125. ________ in AVL is logarithmic.

     1. Updating
     2. Searching
     3. Deletion
     4. Insertion

126. Which of the following can be used to reverse a string value?

     1. Stack
     2. Queue
     3. Both of these
     4. None of the given

127. For searching a particular number in Binary Search Tree (if it is not present), the maximum number of comparisons will be ________ comparison at each level.

     1. 1
     2. 2
     3. 3
     4. 4

128. Consider we have performed the following operations on stack of size 5.
     Push(10);
     Push(20);
     Push(30);
     Pop();
     Pop();
     Push(40);

     1. 10
     2. 20
     3. 40
     4. 20

129. For compiler, a postfix expression is easier to evaluate than infix expression?

     1. True
     2. False

130. A binary tree of N nodes has _____________ .

     1. Log₁₀ N levels
     2. Log₂ N levels
     3. N / 2 levels
     4. N x 2 levels

131. Which one of the following is NOT true regarding the skip list?

     1. Each list Si contains the special keys + infinity and -infinity
     2. List S0 contains the keys of S in non-decreasing order
     3. List Sh contains only the n special keys
     4. Each list is a subsequence of previous one

132. During union by size method, which data structure is used to improve the balancing of tree?

     1. Array
     2. Stack
     3. Linked List
     4. Tree

133. In singly linked list a node consists of two parts:

     1. Object and structure
     2. Two pointers
     3. Two objects
     4. Object and pointer

134. Binary Tree traversal can be performed with the help of ________ .

     1. Recursive calls only
     2. Non-recursive calls
     3. Both Recursive and Non-recursive calls
     4. None of the given

135. The total number of nodes on 10th level of a perfect binary tree are :

     1. 256
     2. 512
     3. 1024
     4. Can't be determined

136. Following is a keyword of C++ ________ .

     1. del
     2. delete
     3. Remove
     4. eliminate

137. Y = &x[0];
     In the above statement, we get address of the first location of the array x and store
     it in y. Here "y" is:

     1. rvalue
     2. xvalue
     3. lvalue
     4. zvalue

138. If unions are done by weight (size), the depth of any element is never greater than

     1. log 3n
     2. log₂ n
     3. n log₂ n
     4. log n*n

139. If there are N external nodes in a binary tree then what will be the no. of internal nodes in this binary tree?

     1. N -1
     2. N+1
     3. N+2
     4. N

140. For Binary Search Tree, we call the findMax() method as ________.

     1. findMin(tree->getLeft())
     2. findMin(tree->getRight())
     3. findMin(tree->getCenter())
     4. findMin(tree->getDown())

141. In ________, a programmer uses two pointers in the node, i.e. one to point to next node and the other to point to the previous node.

     1. Linked list
     2. Doubly-linked list
     3. Array
     4. Structure

142. Suppose n is the number of nodes in a complete Binary Tree, then maximum steps required for a search operation are

     1. Log₂ (n+1) -1
     2. Log₂ (n+1)
     3. Log₂ (n) -1
     4. Log₂ (n)

143. What is the hash function used in linear probing?

     1. hi(x)=hash(x) mod table size
     2. hi(x)=(hash(x) + f(i^2)) mod table size
     3. hi(x)= (hash(x)+ f(i)) mod table size
     4. hi(x)= X mod 17

144. In a tree, we link the nodes in such a way that it ________ a linear structure.

     1. does not remain
     2. forms
     3. reverses
     4. remains

145. If there are N elements in an array then the number of maximum steps needed to find an element using Binary Search is ___________.

     1. N
     2. N2
     3. Nlog₂N
     4. log₂N

146. Which of the following operations returns "most recently entered value" from the stack?

     1. Push
     2. Recent
     3. Top
     4. First

147. When an executable program runs, it is loaded in the computer memory and becomes a ________ .

     1. Thread
     2. .h file
     3. Process
     4. None of the given

148. Which of the following is true regarding the maze generation?

     1. Randomly remove walls until the entrance and exit cells are in same set.
     2. Removing a wall is the same as doing a union operation
     3. Do not remove a randomly chosen wall if the cells it separates are already in the same set
     4. All of the given

149. Linked list always contains elements that can be described as,

     1. Redundant
     2. Recursive
     3. Self-referential
     4. Bidirectional

150. ________ is used for Reference variables in C++.

     1. !
     2. @
     3. #
     4. &

151. Leaf node of binary search tree contains ________.

     1. One Null pointer
     2. Three Null pointers
     3. Two Null pointers
     4. All of the given

152. If class A defines class B as its friend, then:

     1. Class A can access private members of Class B
     2. Class B can access only the public members of Class A
     3. Class A can access only the public members of Class B
     4. Class B can access private members of Class A

153. given the values are the array representation of heap:
     12 23 26 31 34 44 56 64 78 100
     If we perform 4 deleteMin operations, the last element deleted is ________.

     1. 31
     2. 34
     3. 44
     4. 56

154. In singly linked list which node will keep track of starting position of the list.

     1. Next Node
     2. Previous Node
     3. Head Node
     4. Last Node

155. Insertion in a linked list can be done at

     1. Front only
     2. Back only
     3. Somewhere in middle only
     4. Front, Back and somewhere in the middle

156. One difference between a queue and a stack is

     1. Queues require dynamic memory, but stacks do not.
     2. Stacks require dynamic memory, but queues do not.
     3. Queues use two ends of the structure, stacks use only one.
     4. Stacks use two ends of the structure, queues use only one.

157. ________ is when function is calling to itself.

     1. Loop
     2. Recursion
     3. Iteration
     4. Nasted loop

158. The main use of AVL tree is:

     1. Searching of data
     2. Storing of data
     3. Insertion of data
     4. Security of data

159. Each node in singly link list has,

     1. 1 pointer
     2. 2 pointers
     3. 3 pointers
     4. 4 pointers

160. The balance of a node is the result of "height of left subtree" ________ "height of right subtree".

     1. Plus
     2. Minus
     3. Multiply
     4. Divided by

161. Binary search algorithem cannot be applied to ________ .

     1. sortrd linked list
     2. sorted binary trees
     3. sorted linear array
     4. None of the given

162. An array is a group of ________ memory locations.

     1. Scattered
     2. Isolated
     3. Random (non-consecutive)
     4. Consecutive

163. back() method of list class is used to:

     1. Moves the "current" pointer to backward one element.
     2. Moves the "current" pointer to backward two element.
     3. Moves the "current" pointer to backward three element.
     4. Moves the "current" pointer to backward four element.

164. next() method of List class is used to:

     1. Moves current position backward one element
     2. Moves the "current" pointer to two steps after the last elementof the array
     3. Moves the current position forward one element
     4. Moves the "current" pointer to two steps before the last element of the array

165. While implementing non-recusive traversal for Binary SearchTree, we need to implement ________ .

     1. Queue
     2. Stack
     3. Min heap
     4. Max heap

166. What is the maximum depth of recursive calls a function may make?

     1. 1
     2. 2
     3. n (where n is the argument)
     4. There is no fixed maximum

167. A complete binary tree having "N" nodes consists of ________ Levels.

     1. Log₂ (N+1) -1
     2. Log₂ (N-1) -1
     3. Log₂ (N+1) +1
     4. Log₂ (N-1) +1

168. For reference variables, ________ sign is used.

     1. ampersand
     2. asterisk
     3. sigma
     4. dollar

169. ________ is the stack characteristic but ________ was implemented because of the size limitation of the array.

     1. isFull(), isEmpty()
     2. pop(), push()
     3. isEmpty(), isFull()
     4. push(), pop()

170. The expression
     if (! heap ->isEmpty() )
     checks

     1. Heap is empty
     2. Heap is full
     3. Heap is not empty
     4. Not a valid expression

171. The expression
     if (! heap ->isFull() )
     check

     1. Heap is not empty
     2. Heap is not full
     3. Heap is empty
     4. Heap is full

172. What will be the postfix expression of following infix expression?
     D+E*F/G

     1. DE*F/G+
     2. DE+F*G/
     3. DEF*G/+
     4. DE+FG*/

173. The easiest case of deleting a node from BST is the case in which the node to be deleted _________.

     1. Is a leaf node
     2. Has left subtree only
     3. Has right subtree only
     4. Has both left and right subtree

174. Which of the following is correct about AVL Tree?

     1. It is identical to BST except height of the left and right subtrees can differ by at least 1.
     2. It is identical to BST except height of the left and right subtrees must differ by at least 1.
     3. It is not identical to BST, it is totally different kind of tree.
     4. It is identical to BST except height of the left and right subtrees can differ by at most 1.

175. Which property of equivalence relation is satisfied if we say:
     Ahmad R(is related to) Ahmad

     1. Reflexivity
     2. Symmetry
     3. Transitivity
     4. All of the given

176. In the poat-order traversal of a binary search tree, nodes process as:

     1. Left-subtree, Right-subtree, Root
     2. Rightt-subtree, Root, Left-subtree
     3. Left-subtree, Root, Right-subtree
     4. Rightt-subtree, Left-subtree, Root

177. Which property of equivalence relation is satisfied if we say:
     Ahmad is cousin of Ali and Ali is also cousin of Ahmad

     1. Reflexivity
     2. Symmetry
     3. Transitivity
     4. All of the given

178. Doubly Linked List always has ________ NULL pointer/s in a node.

     1. One
     2. Two
     3. Three
     4. Four

179. Which of the following possible operation are performed on Table ADT?

     1. Insert, Remove
     2. Find, Remove
     3. Insert, Find
     4. Insert, Find, Remove

180. Suppose we have been given the following data set for a Queue.
     7 5 2 4
     What will be the resultant Queue if we call enqueue(3) method?
     Note that 7 is the front element whereas 4 is rear element of queue.

     1. 7 5 2 4
     2. 3 7 5 2 4
     3. 7 5 2 4 3
     4. 5 2 4 3

181. If the height of a perfect binary tree is 4. What will be the total number of nodes in it?

     1. 15
     2. 16
     3. 31
     4. 32

182. If a hash function returns 4 for more than one value, this condition is called ________.

     1. Merging
     2. Collision
     3. Mapping
     4. Clustering

183. Consider the following function:
     void test_a(int n)
     {
     cout << n << " ";
     if (n>0)
     test_a(n-2);
     }
     What is printed by the call test_a(4)?

     1. 4 2 0
     2. 0 2 4
     3. 0 2
     4. 2 4

184. What is the depth of any tree if the union operation is performed by height?

     1. O(N)
     2. O(N log N)
     3. O(log N)
     4. O(M log N)

185. For a perfect binary tree of height 4, What will be the sum of hights of nodes?

     1. 31
     2. 30
     3. 27
     4. 26

186. The tree structure is a

     1. Linear data structure
     2. Non-linear data structure
     3. Graphical data structure
     4. data structure like queue

187. If there are 23 external nodes in a binary tree then what will be the no. of internal nodes in this binary tree?

     1. 23
     2. 24
     3. 22
     4. 21

188. Every AVL is ___________.

     1. Binary Tree
     2. Complete Binary Tree
     3. Binary Search Tree
     4. None of the given

189. Factorial is an example of ________ function.

     1. Recusive
     2. Non-Recursive
     3. Cube
     4. Log

190. Left, right, info, and parent are the operation of ________ data structure.

     1. Stack
     2. Tree
     3. Queue
     4. Linked List

191. Suppose there are 100 elements in an equivalence class, so initially there will be 100 trees. The collection of these trees is called

     1. Cluster
     2. Class
     3. Forest
     4. Bunch

192. A solution is said to be efficient if it solves the problem within its resource constraints i.e. hardware and time.

     1. True
     2. False

193. The next field in the last node of a singly-linked list is set to ________.

     1. NAN
     2. 1
     3. 'NULL
     4. -1

194. New items are added at the ________ of the stack.

     1. Bottom
     2. Middle
     3. Top
     4. Center

Select a course code for Objective Questions:

ACC311 ACC501 BIF101 BIF401 BIF501 BIO101 BIO201 BIO202 BIO203 BIO204 BIO301 BIO302 BIO303 BIO401 BIO503 BNK603 BT101 BT201 BT301 BT302 BT401 BT402 BT403 BT404 BT405 BT406 BT501 BT504 BT505 BT604 CHE201 CHE301 CS001 CS101 CS201 CS202 CS204 CS301 CS302 CS304 CS311 CS401 CS402 CS403 CS408 CS501 CS502 CS504 CS506 CS508 CS601 CS602 CS604 CS605 CS607 CS609 CS610 CS614 CS707 CS710 ECO401 ECO402 ECO403 ECO404 EDU302 EDU401 EDU402 EDU501 EDU601 ENG101 ENG201 ENG301 ENG501 FIN611 FIN624 FIN625 ISL201 IT430 MCM101 MCM301 MGMT623 MGT101 MGT211 MGT301 MGT401 MGT402 MGT501 MGT502 MGT503 MGT510 MGT601 MGT603 MKT501 MKT610 MKT630 MTH101 MTH202 MTH302 MTH501 MTH601 MTH634 PAK301 PHY101 PHY301 PSY101 PSY403 PSY502 PSY512 SOC101 SOC301 SOC401 STA301 STA630 STA641 ZOO102 ZOO401 ZOO501 ZOO502 ZOO503 ZOO504 ZOO505 ZOO506 ZOO510 ZOO630

Select a course code for Subjective Questions:

ACC311 CS001 CS101 CS201 CS301 CS607 CS701 CS702 CS703 CS704 CS707 CS708 CS710 CS711 CS718 CS721 CS724 ECO401 ECO403 ENG101 ENG301 MGT703 MTH501 STA301