Introduction, Limitations of testing and need for formal verification, Overview of logic and propositional calculus, Calculational Logic, Logical Connectives, Boolean Equality, Continued Equivalence, Disjunction, Conjunction, Implication, Introduction to Hoare’s Logic, Weakest pre-condition, The assignment axiom, Calculating assignments, Sequential composition, Conditional statements, Reasoning about conditional statements, Constructing conditional statements, Inductive proofs and constructions, Patterns and invariant, From verification to construction, Design by Contract (DBC), The six principles of Design by contract, UML and Formal Methods, The Object Constraint Language (OCL), Algebraic Specifications, Specifications of abstract data types, Completeness, Axioms and term rewriting, Modularity and re-usability, Model-based specifications, The Z (Zed) specification Language, Z Schemas and Schema Calculus, Promotions, Data and functional refinements, Petri Nets, Limitations and Acceptance of Formal Methods, Seven Myths of Formal Methods.