Science, ethics and values, Definition, Attitudes to Science, What is ethics?, The development of ethics?, The growth of Bioethics, Bioethics in 21st century, Making Ethical decisions, The place of humans in nature, Valuing the environment, Themes in environmental ethics, Current issues in environmental ethics, Terrestrial and aquatic pollution: environmental ethics, Global climate change: environmental ethics, Environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity: Environmental ethics, The ethics of animal research, Animals in sport, companionship, leisure and fashion, Animals for food and draughting, A code of ethics for biologists, Fundamental elements of the patient-physician relationship, Codes for nurses, Patient’s right and responsibilities, Truth telling and the management of bad news, Informed consent, Patient self-determination and advance directives, The management of confidential information, The problem of moral justification, Maternal-fetal relationship and rights, Refusal of treatment, Introduction to Ethical analysis of genetic modification, Genetic modification and risk factors, Possible misuse of genetic modification, Nanobiotechnology, Cybernetics, Applications of genetic modification and their ethical issues, Ethical issues related to genetically modified food, Risk factors of GM food, Genetic modifications of animals and their uses, Genetic modifications of animals and their ethical issues, Molecular genetics and human genome project, Thoughts on eugenics, Uses of human genetic information, Genetic diagnosis, Genetic screening, The possibility of genetic discrimination, The burden of genetic information, Genetic modifications of humans: Fact or fiction, Genes—the wider issues, Gene patents in agriculture and livestock, Gene patents and medical genetics, Genetic piracy, Ethical issues related to cloning of sheep and frog, The ethics of human cloning- an overview, Ethical status of early human embryo, Therapeutic cloning, Designer babies, Case studies 1-8, The stem cell debate, Conclusion of Cloning Controversy, Genetic counseling, Responding to trafficking and HIV/AIDS, Responding to Disasters, Biosafety: Definition, Biosecurity: Definition, Bio weapons, Definition of Biohazard, Application to Use Biohazardous Materials,Laboratory Safety protocols, Classification of pathogens by risk group, Containment, Safe handling of biological spills, Sterilization and disinfection in the laboratories, Biohazards associated with animal handling, Safe handling of laboratory equipment, Reporting of accidents, Waste disposal, Laboratory Biosafety level criteria, Laboratory Biosafety level 1-4, Essential Biosafety measures for TB laboratories, Low risk TB Labs, Moderate risk TB Labs , High risk TB Labs, Safety equipment, Personal protective equipment and clothing, Plans for emergency preparedness and response, Introduction to the transport of infectious materials, Biosafety and recombinant DNA technology, Hazardous Chemicals, Fire hazard, Electrical hazards, Noise, Ionizing radiation, Biosafety officer, Biosafety committee, Safety for support staff, Training programs, Safety checklist, First aid, Immunization of staff,WHO Biosafety collaborating centers, US Biosecurity legislation,US Biosecurity regulations, US Biosecurity guidance, Canada Biosecurity legislations and guidance, Japan Biosecurity legislations and guidance, Other countries Biosecurity legislations and guidance, Design Biosecurity plan, Objectives of Laboratory biosecurity, Laboratory Biosecurity and risk of Bioterrorism, Laboratory Biosecurity and International obligations, Pakistan Biosecurity legislations and guidance , Risk assessment, Overview of Biosecurity risk assessment methodology, Evaluate the pathogens and toxins, Evaluate the potential Adversaries, Evaluate Scenarios, Characterize the risk, Risk reduction, Components of biosecurity, Physical security, Physical security elements, Integration with laboratory biosafety, Personnel security, Personnel security elements, Material control and accountability, Material control and accountability elements, Transport security, Transport security elements, Information security, Information security elements, Biosecurity system design, Specific Biosecurity recommendations---Low/high risk facility, Specific Biosecurity recommendations---moderate risk facility, Specific Biosecurity recommendations---extreme risk facility, Invasive Species and Biosecurity: Potential Pathways for Introduction, Challenges in Animal Biosecurity, Poultry Biosecurity Issues, An awareness of trade issues and their relevance to agricultural biosecurity, An understanding of the foundation principles and basic practices of pest exclusion, eradication, and management tactics for invasive species issues, An ability to assimilate information on invasive species, and develop inferences from case study examples, A perspective on the research, extension, and regulatory components of invasive species issues, An appreciation of early detection and correct identification of new and emerging pest problems, An awareness of news and developments reported in the popular and scientific media on issues affecting the subject matter, An awareness of the importance of insect vectors to animal and human health, An awareness of the importance of exotic animal disease threats to agriculture, Biosecurity and biodefence strategy, Biosecurity and biodefence practice, Biosecurity and biodefence science, Biosecurity and biodefence resource, Biological warfare, The Need for Global Biosecurity, Personnel security elements, Material control and accountability, Material control and accountability elements, Transport security, Transport security elements, Information security, Design Biosafety rules for a virology lab, Types of fire extinguisher, Fire exits, Fire wardens, Fire Assembly area, National Biosafety rules, Applications of National Biosafety rules, Establishment of National Biosafety rules, Functions of National Biosafety committee, Functions of technical advisory committee, Functions of institutional Biosafety committee, Prohibition and license requirement, Confidential information, Risk assessment and risk management, Decision making and communication of decision, Grant of license, Application of re-examination, Special requirement for import and export of living modified organisms, Permission and approval for food stuff, Responsibility to notify interruptions or accidents, Pakistan Biosecurity measures, National legislations, Monitoring and implementation of Pakistan Biosafety and Biosecurity rules, Efforts to mitigate biological threats, Threats of biological weapons, Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High Containment Biological Laboratories, Public participation and access to information, International framework on biosafety, Occupational Health and Immunoprophylaxis, Occupational Health Support Service Elements, Bacillus anthracis, Brucella species, Campylobacter, Neurotoxin-producing Clostridia species, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Helicobacter species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Salmonella serotypes, Treponema pallidum, Cryptococcus Neoformans, Blood and tissue protozoal parasites, Intestinal protozoal parasites, Hepatitis A Virus, Hepatitis E Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Human Herpes Virus, Influenza, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus, Agriculture pathogen biosafety, Foot and Mouth Disease Virus, Newcastle Disease (ND) Virus, Integrated pest management, Class I BSC , Conclusion, Problem 1-63