In the name of ALLAH, the most beneficient, the most merciful

Ecology, Biodiversity & Evolution-I (BT101)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Objective Questions

  1. Stratosphere is ________ major layer of Earth's atmosphere.

    1. second
    2. third
    3. fourth
    4. fifth
  2. According to ________ model of evolution "species do not change significantly over millions of years".

    1. Punctuated equilibrium
    2. Phyletic Gradualism
    3. Natural selection
    4. None of the given
  3. The ________ is a energy intensive process.

    1. Oxygen Fixation
    2. Nitrogen Fixation
    3. Hydrogen Fixation
    4. None of the given
  4. In ________ growth a stationary or stable phase is achieved.

    1. Logistic
    2. Exponential
    3. Decline
    4. Lag phase
  5. Parapatric speciation occurs in small, local populations, called ________.

    1. Flock
    2. Colony
    3. Demes
    4. None of the given
  6. ________ is an early freshwater reptile, found as fossils from the Early Permian Period.

    1. Cynognathus
    2. Lystrosaurus
    3. Mesosaurus
    4. Glossopteris
  7. Which of the following bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen in anaerobic conditions?

    1. Cyanobacteria
    2. Spirochetes
    3. Actinobacteria
    4. None of the given
  8. Approximately ________ tons of sodium chloride is extracted from the Great Salt Lake.

    1. 1.5 million
    2. 2.5 million
    3. 3.5 million
    4. 4.5 million
  9. They release digestive enzymes by their hyphae

    1. Fungi
    2. Algae
    3. Bacteria
    4. Ferns
  10. A specific functional role and place of an organism called its ________.

    1. Biome
    2. Niche
    3. Biomass
    4. None of the given
  11. Layers of atmosphere increases with ________ in some regions.

    1. length
    2. altitude
    3. width
    4. diameter
  12. Which of the following are also called blue green algae?

    1. Spirochaetes
    2. Cyanobacteria
    3. Streptomyces
    4. Actinobacteria
  13. ________ are strongly affected by light pollution.

    1. Birds
    2. Mammals
    3. Reptiles
    4. Amphibians
  14. Which of the following proteins are useful for looking at relationships among more closely related animals?

    1. Highly conserved
    2. Moderately conserved
    3. Less conserved
    4. None of the given
  15. In crypsis animals habitually press their bodies to the ________.

    1. water
    2. ground
    3. plant
    4. burrow
  16. Cell wall of bacteria consists of ________.

    1. Chitin
    2. Lipoprotein
    3. Peptidoglycan
    4. Lipopolysaccharieds
  17. ________ transfer heat from one place to another by mass motion of a fluid such as water, air or molten rock.

    1. Winter current
    2. Convection current
    3. Conventional current
    4. None of the given
  18. Who proposed the law of use and disuse?

    1. Lamarck
    2. Darwin
    3. Weismann
    4. William Smith
  19. In Mesosphere lower boundary is ________ to 65 kilometres.

    1. 30
    2. 40
    3. 50
    4. 60
  20. In homeostasis ________ is a critical factor.

    1. Temperature
    2. Food
    3. Water
    4. Atmosphere
  21. ________ brings all the toxic chemicals in air back into surface runoff.

    1. Transpiration
    2. Evaporation
    3. Precipitation
    4. Respiration
  22. Legs have been modified for perching in ________.

    1. Ducks
    2. Penguins
    3. Storks
    4. Sparrows
  23. ________ enables animals to survive periods of reduced food availability.

    1. Torpor
    2. Hibernation
    3. Aestivation
    4. Winter sleep
  24. Cascade effect leads to increase in ________ species.

    1. Predator
    2. Invasive
    3. Exotic
    4. Prey
  25. If reproductive isolation is due to reproducing at different times, it is ________.

    1. Ecological isolation
    2. Mechanical isolation
    3. Behavioral isolation
    4. Temporal isolation
  26. Bacteria use ________ in conjugation for exchange of genetic material.

    1. Pilli
    2. Capsule
    3. Cell wall
    4. Plasma membrane
  27. Animals use ________ to make organic molecules.

    1. light energy
    2. Chemical bond energy
    3. Mechanical energy
    4. All of the given
  28. Files and ________ have outlandish proboscises.

    1. ant
    2. moths
    3. beetles
    4. locust
  29. Population size ________ above carrying capacity.

    1. Amplifies
    2. Decreases
    3. Increases
    4. Remain same
  30. There are ________ types of herbivory depending upon different feeding habits.

    1. Four
    2. Six
    3. Eight
    4. Ten
  31. Which of the following is NOT the external factor of Ecosystem?

    1. Topography
    2. Population size
    3. Disease
    4. Gene pool
  32. Land fill is the example of ________.

    1. Sewage pollution
    2. No point source pollution
    3. Point source pollution
    4. Sound pollution
  33. Gregor Mendel proposed the laws of genetics in ________.

    1. 1855
    2. 1865
    3. 1875
    4. 1885
  34. They can breakdown carbohydrate anaerobically also.

    1. Plants
    2. Fungi
    3. Animals
    4. Bacteria
  35. According to Endosymbiotic Theory, ________ evolved from endocytosis of aerobic bacteria.

    1. Ribosomes
    2. Nucleus
    3. Mitochondria
    4. Centrioles
  36. Which of the following is not the characteristic of Eutrophic lake?

    1. High level nutrients
    2. High algal growth
    3. Good light penetration
    4. Low dissolved oxygen
  37. Which of the following bacteria have tuft of flagella at one end?

    1. Monotrichous
    2. Amphitrichous
    3. Lophotrichous
    4. Peritrichous
  38. There is limited number of feeding or trophic levels in ________.

    1. Atmosphere
    2. Ecosystem
    3. Food web
    4. Food chain
  39. In ________ at either limit, one or more essential functions cease.

    1. Limiting factor
    2. Range of optimum
    3. Tolerance range
    4. Taxis
  40. Natural environment where a species/organism lives is called ________.

    1. Atmosphere
    2. Ecosystem
    3. Biosphere
    4. Habitat
  41. Conditions in the reproductive ________ of a female may not support the sperm of male.

    1. Tract
    2. Canal
    3. Cell
    4. Form
  42. Proteolysis releases nitrogen and ________.

    1. Chlorine
    2. Phosphorus
    3. Potassium
    4. Oxygen
  43. Members of the domain archaea, don't have ________ in their cell wall.

    1. Chitin
    2. Starch
    3. Cellulose
    4. Peptidoglycan
  44. It occurs when uptake from the water is greater than excretion.

    1. Biomagnification
    2. Eutrophication
    3. Bioaccumulation
    4. Bioconcentration
  45. Third Atmosphere is the constant rearrangement of ________.

    1. continental plates
    2. layers
    3. gases
    4. None of the given
  46. The rate that new organic matter is made by means of individual growth and reproduction in all the herbivores is ________.

    1. Net Primary productivity (PP)
    2. Gross primary productivity (GPP)
    3. Secondary productivity
    4. None of the given
  47. ________ speciation occurs within a single population.

    1. Sympatric
    2. Allopatric
    3. Parapatric
    4. None of the given
  48. Mercury bioaccumulates in the ________ of top predators of the open ocean.

    1. Lungs
    2. Muscles
    3. Brain
    4. Kidneys
  49. Kingdom Protista consists of ________.

    1. Prokaryotes
    2. Unicellular eukaryotes
    3. Multicellular eukaryotes
    4. None of the given
  50. One of the major disruptions is loss of habitat in ________.

    1. land
    2. sea
    3. extinction
    4. All of the given
  51. The salt concentration in oceans is roughly ________.

    1. 1.4 %
    2. 2.4 %
    3. 4 %
    4. 14 %
  52. ________ was Father of geology and stratigraphy.

    1. James Hutton
    2. William Smith
    3. Nicolas Steno
    4. None of the given
  53. Which of the following order is correct?

    1. Ecosystem, Individual, population, community
    2. Individual, population, community, ecosystem
    3. Population, community, individual, ecosystem
    4. Community, population, individual, Ecosystem
  54. New genetic material is generated during ________ evolution.

    1. Molecular evolution
    2. Environmental
    3. Behavioral
    4. None of the given
  55. ________ consists of distinct biological communities.

    1. Population
    2. Biodiversity
    3. Biome
    4. Ecosystem
  56. Thermoacidophiles live in superheated water with temperature ________.

    1. 150 F
    2. 250 F
    3. 750 F
    4. 850 F
  57. ________ occurs in small, local populations, called demes which are not completely isolated from each other.

    1. Parapatric
    2. Sympatric
    3. Allopatric
    4. None of the given
  58. Atmosphere is ________ nitrogen by volume.

    1. 48%
    2. 588%
    3. 68%
    4. 78%
  59. Number of Pilli in a bacterial cell is ________.

    1. 1-5
    2. 5-10
    3. 1-10
    4. 10-15
  60. Each successional stage is called a ________ stage.

    1. young
    2. seral
    3. climax
    4. xerosere
  61. It occurs in large animals.

    1. Hibernation
    2. Aestivation
    3. Winter sleep
    4. Torpor
  62. Orientation towards a factor called ________.

    1. Taxis
    2. Torpism
    3. Tactics
    4. None of the given
  63. Each ________ trophic level has its own secondary productivity.

    1. Autotrophs
    2. Heterotrophs
    3. Producers
    4. All of the given
  64. Volcanic eruptions release ________ into the atmosphere.

    1. sulfur
    2. smoke
    3. liquid
    4. magnesium
  65. ________ competition occurs between two species to use the same resources.

    1. Parasitism
    2. Predation
    3. Interspecific
    4. Intraspecific
  66. Evolution of 14 species of finches from the original seed eater finches from mainland is the example of ________ speciation.

    1. Parapatric
    2. Sympatric
    3. Allopatric
    4. None of the given
  67. Photosynthesizing bacteria that are related to the chloroplasts of eukaryotic plants and algae are called ________.

    1. Blue green algae
    2. Red green algae
    3. Black brown algae
    4. Purple algae
  68. Transparency in interspecific interactions showed by ________.

    1. sponges
    2. flukes
    3. jellyfish
    4. insects
  69. Who is the father of taxonomy and systematics?

    1. Robert Whitaker
    2. Weismann
    3. Carl Linnaeus
    4. Charles Darwin
  70. Which of the following bacteria have a single flagellum at both ends?

    1. Monotrichous
    2. Amphitrichous
    3. Lophotrichous
    4. Peritrichous
  71. In ________ isolation, courtship behaviour patterns of two animals are inappropriate for each other.

    1. Behavioral
    2. Temporal
    3. Mechanical
    4. Ecological
  72. ________ is the amount of chemical energy as biomass that primary producers create in a given length of time.

    1. Net Primary productivity (PP)
    2. Secondary productivity
    3. Gross primary productivity (GPP)
    4. None of the given
  73. In which of the following organism logistic growth occurs.

    1. Lemmings
    2. Algae
    3. Yeast
    4. None of the given
  74. The atmosphere provides protective shield against radiation and ________.

    1. light
    2. rays
    3. cosmic rays
    4. dust
  75. Loss of ________ percent energy occurs from one level to next.

    1. 99%
    2. 98%
    3. 90%
    4. 19%
  76. Cynaobacteria is the example of ________.

    1. Photoautotrophs
    2. Heterotrophs
    3. Chemoautotrophs
    4. None of the given
  77. It has two phases.

    1. Exponential growth
    2. Logistic growth
    3. Decline growth
    4. All of the given
  78. In Nitrogen cycle Immobilization is the opposite of ________.

    1. filteration
    2. mobilization
    3. mineralization
    4. None of the given
  79. This speciation occurs within a single population.

    1. Sympatric
    2. Parapatric
    3. Allopatric
    4. None of the given
  80. K-selected species are typically ________ competitors in such crowded habitats.

    1. Weak
    2. Strong
    3. Rare
    4. Extinct
  81. Which of the following limiting factor cannot regulate population at constant level?

    1. Density dependent
    2. Density independent
    3. Population dependent
    4. Parasitism
  82. The theory of ________ states that evolution occurs primarily through short bursts of intense speciation, followed by lengthy periods of stasis.

    1. Punctuated equilibrium
    2. Phylectic Gradualism
    3. Natural selection
    4. None of the given
  83. Which microparasites reproduce inside host ________.

    1. fungi
    2. bacteria
    3. trematodes
    4. algae
  84. Variability in Net Primary Productivity of Wetlands and tropical rain forests is ________.

    1. 900 g/m2/year
    2. 1200 - 1300 g/m2/year
    3. 90 g/m2/year
    4. 2000 g/m2/year
  85. Short protein appendages smaller than flagella is called ________.

    1. Antenna
    2. Cilia
    3. Pilli
    4. Projection
  86. Likely sea level rise during the 21st century is ________.

    1. 15 mm per year
    2. 5 mm per year
    3. 50 mm per year
    4. 0.5 mm per year
  87. Which of the following has low algal growth?

    1. Eutrophic lake
    2. Oligotrophic lake
    3. Fresh Water Lake
    4. None of the given
  88. In interspecific interactions counter-illumination eliminates ________.

    1. light
    2. shadow
    3. dark
    4. weight
  89. Animals undergo ________ in extended period of drying.

    1. Hibernation
    2. Aestivation
    3. Torpor
    4. Winter sleep
  90. They obtain energy by means of inorganic oxidation reactions

    1. Heterotrophs
    2. Photoautotrophs
    3. Chemoautotrophs
    4. All of the given
  91. Thermoacidophiles live in the environment with ________ pH.

    1. 0 to 4
    2. 0 to 5
    3. 1 to 3
    4. 1 to 2
  92. Adult human body contains ________ of water by weight.

    1. 30%
    2. 40%
    3. 50%
    4. 60%
  93. The ________ is key element in survival of life.

    1. Atmosphere
    2. Mesosphere
    3. Lithosphere
    4. Troposphere
  94. In aquatic ecosystem, ________ reacts with the water to form bicarbonate ions.

    1. O2
    2. CO2
    3. H2
    4. Na
  95. In ________ wings have been modified for hovering.

    1. Eagle
    2. Vulture
    3. Humming birds
    4. Swans
  96. Food chain only follows a direct, ________ pathway of one animal at a time.

    1. Divergent
    2. Lateral
    3. Linear
    4. Curvilinear
  97. Different colors of Mullerian Mimicry depend on ________ and visibility.

    1. soil
    2. water
    3. location
    4. crops
  98. Wings have been modified for soaring in ________.

    1. Eagles
    2. Ducks
    3. Sparrows
    4. Swans
  99. Removal of apex predator in environment called ________.

    1. Bottle neck effect
    2. Cascade effect
    3. Founder effect
    4. None of the given
  100. According to the ________ concept, Evolutionary changes are occuring gradually over millions of years.

    1. Phyletic gradualism
    2. Phyletic lineage
    3. Ontogeny
    4. None of the given
  101. In ________ legs have been modified for swimming.

    1. Penguin
    2. Sparrow
    3. Eagle
    4. Vulture
  102. In aposematism advertisement of signals includes ________.

    1. Color
    2. Odour
    3. Sound
    4. All of the given
  103. Thermosphere Known as ________

    1. mesosphere
    2. ionosphere
    3. troposphere
    4. Exosphere
  104. In transpiration plants absorb ________ from the soil.

    1. gases
    2. water
    3. oxygen
    4. carbon dioxide
  105. Second atmosphere formed carbonates that were deposited as ________.

    1. sediments
    2. layers
    3. lava
    4. magma
  106. ________ pyramids are usually, but not always, upright.

    1. Pyramid of inverted biomass
    2. Pyramid of energy flow
    3. Pyramid of numbers
    4. Pyramid of biomass
  107. Which of the following diseases is caused by sewage water?

    1. Pneumonia
    2. Influenza
    3. Arthritis
    4. Polio
  108. Weismann made the important distinction between ________ cells and ________ cells.

    1. Eukaryotic, prokaryotic
    2. Gem, somatic
    3. unicellular, multicellular
    4. amoeboid, non amoeboid
  109. Existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa occur in ________.

    1. Convergent evolution
    2. Divergent evolution
    3. Parallel evolution
    4. None of the given
  110. In pyramid of ________ one trophic level has greater biomass than the one below it.

    1. Inverted biomass
    2. Numbers
    3. Energy flow
    4. Biomass
  111. According to first law of thermodynamics ________ is neither created nor destroyed in the biosphere.

    1. Energy
    2. Ecosystem
    3. Habitat
    4. Force
  112. It represent tiny portion of the complexity of real ecosystems.

    1. Biome
    2. Food chain
    3. Food web
    4. Trophic levels