In the name of ALLAH, the most beneficient, the most merciful

Ecology, Biodiversity & Evolution-I (BT101)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Objective Questions

  1. ________ pyramids are usually, but not always, upright.

    1. Pyramid of inverted biomass
    2. Pyramid of energy flow
    3. Pyramid of numbers
    4. Pyramid of biomass
  2. Files and ________ have outlandish proboscises.

    1. ant
    2. moths
    3. beetles
    4. locust
  3. ________ was Father of geology and stratigraphy.

    1. James Hutton
    2. William Smith
    3. Nicolas Steno
    4. None of the given
  4. It has two phases.

    1. Exponential growth
    2. Logistic growth
    3. Decline growth
    4. All of the given
  5. Which of the following bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen in anaerobic conditions?

    1. Cyanobacteria
    2. Spirochetes
    3. Actinobacteria
    4. None of the given
  6. In ________ at either limit, one or more essential functions cease.

    1. Limiting factor
    2. Range of optimum
    3. Tolerance range
    4. Taxis
  7. One of the major disruptions is loss of habitat in ________.

    1. land
    2. sea
    3. extinction
    4. All of the given
  8. Bacteria use ________ in conjugation for exchange of genetic material.

    1. Pilli
    2. Capsule
    3. Cell wall
    4. Plasma membrane
  9. ________ is the amount of chemical energy as biomass that primary producers create in a given length of time.

    1. Net Primary productivity (PP)
    2. Secondary productivity
    3. Gross primary productivity (GPP)
    4. None of the given
  10. Third Atmosphere is the constant rearrangement of ________.

    1. continental plates
    2. layers
    3. gases
    4. None of the given
  11. Removal of apex predator in environment called ________.

    1. Bottle neck effect
    2. Cascade effect
    3. Founder effect
    4. None of the given
  12. Which of the following bacteria have tuft of flagella at one end?

    1. Monotrichous
    2. Amphitrichous
    3. Lophotrichous
    4. Peritrichous
  13. In pyramid of ________ one trophic level has greater biomass than the one below it.

    1. Inverted biomass
    2. Numbers
    3. Energy flow
    4. Biomass
  14. Variability in Net Primary Productivity of Wetlands and tropical rain forests is ________.

    1. 900 g/m2/year
    2. 1200 - 1300 g/m2/year
    3. 90 g/m2/year
    4. 2000 g/m2/year
  15. Thermoacidophiles live in superheated water with temperature ________.

    1. 150 F
    2. 250 F
    3. 750 F
    4. 850 F
  16. Which of the following order is correct?

    1. Ecosystem, Individual, population, community
    2. Individual, population, community, ecosystem
    3. Population, community, individual, ecosystem
    4. Community, population, individual, Ecosystem
  17. According to first law of thermodynamics ________ is neither created nor destroyed in the biosphere.

    1. Energy
    2. Ecosystem
    3. Habitat
    4. Force
  18. Kingdom Protista consists of ________.

    1. Prokaryotes
    2. Unicellular eukaryotes
    3. Multicellular eukaryotes
    4. None of the given
  19. Conditions in the reproductive ________ of a female may not support the sperm of male.

    1. Tract
    2. Canal
    3. Cell
    4. Form
  20. Which of the following proteins are useful for looking at relationships among more closely related animals?

    1. Highly conserved
    2. Moderately conserved
    3. Less conserved
    4. None of the given
  21. In crypsis animals habitually press their bodies to the ________.

    1. water
    2. ground
    3. plant
    4. burrow
  22. Existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa occur in ________.

    1. Convergent evolution
    2. Divergent evolution
    3. Parallel evolution
    4. None of the given
  23. According to ________ model of evolution "species do not change significantly over millions of years".

    1. Punctuated equilibrium
    2. Phyletic Gradualism
    3. Natural selection
    4. None of the given
  24. Volcanic eruptions release ________ into the atmosphere.

    1. sulfur
    2. smoke
    3. liquid
    4. magnesium
  25. This speciation occurs within a single population.

    1. Sympatric
    2. Parapatric
    3. Allopatric
    4. None of the given
  26. Atmosphere is ________ nitrogen by volume.

    1. 48%
    2. 588%
    3. 68%
    4. 78%
  27. In ________ growth a stationary or stable phase is achieved.

    1. Logistic
    2. Exponential
    3. Decline
    4. Lag phase
  28. Who proposed the law of use and disuse?

    1. Lamarck
    2. Darwin
    3. Weismann
    4. William Smith
  29. In transpiration plants absorb ________ from the soil.

    1. gases
    2. water
    3. oxygen
    4. carbon dioxide
  30. ________ competition occurs between two species to use the same resources.

    1. Parasitism
    2. Predation
    3. Interspecific
    4. Intraspecific
  31. The ________ is key element in survival of life.

    1. Atmosphere
    2. Mesosphere
    3. Lithosphere
    4. Troposphere
  32. Stratosphere is ________ major layer of Earth's atmosphere.

    1. second
    2. third
    3. fourth
    4. fifth
  33. Which of the following limiting factor cannot regulate population at constant level?

    1. Density dependent
    2. Density independent
    3. Population dependent
    4. Parasitism
  34. ________ is an early freshwater reptile, found as fossils from the Early Permian Period.

    1. Cynognathus
    2. Lystrosaurus
    3. Mesosaurus
    4. Glossopteris
  35. New genetic material is generated during ________ evolution.

    1. Molecular evolution
    2. Environmental
    3. Behavioral
    4. None of the given
  36. Land fill is the example of ________.

    1. Sewage pollution
    2. No point source pollution
    3. Point source pollution
    4. Sound pollution
  37. Food chain only follows a direct, ________ pathway of one animal at a time.

    1. Divergent
    2. Lateral
    3. Linear
    4. Curvilinear
  38. Orientation towards a factor called ________.

    1. Taxis
    2. Torpism
    3. Tactics
    4. None of the given
  39. They can breakdown carbohydrate anaerobically also.

    1. Plants
    2. Fungi
    3. Animals
    4. Bacteria
  40. Parapatric speciation occurs in small, local populations, called ________.

    1. Flock
    2. Colony
    3. Demes
    4. None of the given
  41. Cynaobacteria is the example of ________.

    1. Photoautotrophs
    2. Heterotrophs
    3. Chemoautotrophs
    4. None of the given
  42. In ________ isolation, courtship behaviour patterns of two animals are inappropriate for each other.

    1. Behavioral
    2. Temporal
    3. Mechanical
    4. Ecological
  43. The theory of ________ states that evolution occurs primarily through short bursts of intense speciation, followed by lengthy periods of stasis.

    1. Punctuated equilibrium
    2. Phylectic Gradualism
    3. Natural selection
    4. None of the given
  44. Different colors of Mullerian Mimicry depend on ________ and visibility.

    1. soil
    2. water
    3. location
    4. crops
  45. Photosynthesizing bacteria that are related to the chloroplasts of eukaryotic plants and algae are called ________.

    1. Blue green algae
    2. Red green algae
    3. Black brown algae
    4. Purple algae
  46. Number of Pilli in a bacterial cell is ________.

    1. 1-5
    2. 5-10
    3. 1-10
    4. 10-15
  47. Thermosphere Known as ________

    1. mesosphere
    2. ionosphere
    3. troposphere
    4. Exosphere
  48. The ________ is a energy intensive process.

    1. Oxygen Fixation
    2. Nitrogen Fixation
    3. Hydrogen Fixation
    4. None of the given
  49. In Nitrogen cycle Immobilization is the opposite of ________.

    1. filteration
    2. mobilization
    3. mineralization
    4. None of the given
  50. In interspecific interactions counter-illumination eliminates ________.

    1. light
    2. shadow
    3. dark
    4. weight
  51. In homeostasis ________ is a critical factor.

    1. Temperature
    2. Food
    3. Water
    4. Atmosphere
  52. In Mesosphere lower boundary is ________ to 65 kilometres.

    1. 30
    2. 40
    3. 50
    4. 60
  53. Members of the domain archaea, don't have ________ in their cell wall.

    1. Chitin
    2. Starch
    3. Cellulose
    4. Peptidoglycan
  54. Layers of atmosphere increases with ________ in some regions.

    1. length
    2. altitude
    3. width
    4. diameter
  55. Transparency in interspecific interactions showed by ________.

    1. sponges
    2. flukes
    3. jellyfish
    4. insects
  56. Weismann made the important distinction between ________ cells and ________ cells.

    1. Eukaryotic, prokaryotic
    2. Gem, somatic
    3. unicellular, multicellular
    4. amoeboid, non amoeboid
  57. K-selected species are typically ________ competitors in such crowded habitats.

    1. Weak
    2. Strong
    3. Rare
    4. Extinct
  58. Second atmosphere formed carbonates that were deposited as ________.

    1. sediments
    2. layers
    3. lava
    4. magma
  59. In ________ legs have been modified for swimming.

    1. Penguin
    2. Sparrow
    3. Eagle
    4. Vulture
  60. Wings have been modified for soaring in ________.

    1. Eagles
    2. Ducks
    3. Sparrows
    4. Swans
  61. Approximately ________ tons of sodium chloride is extracted from the Great Salt Lake.

    1. 1.5 million
    2. 2.5 million
    3. 3.5 million
    4. 4.5 million
  62. Who is the father of taxonomy and systematics?

    1. Robert Whitaker
    2. Weismann
    3. Carl Linnaeus
    4. Charles Darwin
  63. Population size ________ above carrying capacity.

    1. Amplifies
    2. Decreases
    3. Increases
    4. Remain same
  64. They release digestive enzymes by their hyphae

    1. Fungi
    2. Algae
    3. Bacteria
    4. Ferns
  65. ________ brings all the toxic chemicals in air back into surface runoff.

    1. Transpiration
    2. Evaporation
    3. Precipitation
    4. Respiration
  66. It occurs when uptake from the water is greater than excretion.

    1. Biomagnification
    2. Eutrophication
    3. Bioaccumulation
    4. Bioconcentration
  67. According to Endosymbiotic Theory, ________ evolved from endocytosis of aerobic bacteria.

    1. Ribosomes
    2. Nucleus
    3. Mitochondria
    4. Centrioles
  68. If reproductive isolation is due to reproducing at different times, it is ________.

    1. Ecological isolation
    2. Mechanical isolation
    3. Behavioral isolation
    4. Temporal isolation
  69. Animals undergo ________ in extended period of drying.

    1. Hibernation
    2. Aestivation
    3. Torpor
    4. Winter sleep
  70. It represent tiny portion of the complexity of real ecosystems.

    1. Biome
    2. Food chain
    3. Food web
    4. Trophic levels
  71. Which of the following is NOT the external factor of Ecosystem?

    1. Topography
    2. Population size
    3. Disease
    4. Gene pool
  72. ________ are strongly affected by light pollution.

    1. Birds
    2. Mammals
    3. Reptiles
    4. Amphibians
  73. Short protein appendages smaller than flagella is called ________.

    1. Antenna
    2. Cilia
    3. Pilli
    4. Projection
  74. Mercury bioaccumulates in the ________ of top predators of the open ocean.

    1. Lungs
    2. Muscles
    3. Brain
    4. Kidneys
  75. According to the ________ concept, Evolutionary changes are occuring gradually over millions of years.

    1. Phyletic gradualism
    2. Phyletic lineage
    3. Ontogeny
    4. None of the given
  76. ________ occurs in small, local populations, called demes which are not completely isolated from each other.

    1. Parapatric
    2. Sympatric
    3. Allopatric
    4. None of the given
  77. Adult human body contains ________ of water by weight.

    1. 30%
    2. 40%
    3. 50%
    4. 60%
  78. The atmosphere provides protective shield against radiation and ________.

    1. light
    2. rays
    3. cosmic rays
    4. dust
  79. Natural environment where a species/organism lives is called ________.

    1. Atmosphere
    2. Ecosystem
    3. Biosphere
    4. Habitat
  80. They obtain energy by means of inorganic oxidation reactions

    1. Heterotrophs
    2. Photoautotrophs
    3. Chemoautotrophs
    4. All of the given
  81. There is limited number of feeding or trophic levels in ________.

    1. Atmosphere
    2. Ecosystem
    3. Food web
    4. Food chain
  82. ________ enables animals to survive periods of reduced food availability.

    1. Torpor
    2. Hibernation
    3. Aestivation
    4. Winter sleep
  83. There are ________ types of herbivory depending upon different feeding habits.

    1. Four
    2. Six
    3. Eight
    4. Ten
  84. In aquatic ecosystem, ________ reacts with the water to form bicarbonate ions.

    1. O2
    2. CO2
    3. H2
    4. Na
  85. Which of the following has low algal growth?

    1. Eutrophic lake
    2. Oligotrophic lake
    3. Fresh Water Lake
    4. None of the given
  86. Gregor Mendel proposed the laws of genetics in ________.

    1. 1855
    2. 1865
    3. 1875
    4. 1885
  87. Proteolysis releases nitrogen and ________.

    1. Chlorine
    2. Phosphorus
    3. Potassium
    4. Oxygen
  88. Which of the following diseases is caused by sewage water?

    1. Pneumonia
    2. Influenza
    3. Arthritis
    4. Polio
  89. In which of the following organism logistic growth occurs.

    1. Lemmings
    2. Algae
    3. Yeast
    4. None of the given
  90. ________ consists of distinct biological communities.

    1. Population
    2. Biodiversity
    3. Biome
    4. Ecosystem
  91. Which of the following are also called blue green algae?

    1. Spirochaetes
    2. Cyanobacteria
    3. Streptomyces
    4. Actinobacteria
  92. Thermoacidophiles live in the environment with ________ pH.

    1. 0 to 4
    2. 0 to 5
    3. 1 to 3
    4. 1 to 2
  93. A specific functional role and place of an organism called its ________.

    1. Biome
    2. Niche
    3. Biomass
    4. None of the given
  94. The salt concentration in oceans is roughly ________.

    1. 1.4 %
    2. 2.4 %
    3. 4 %
    4. 14 %
  95. Which of the following bacteria have a single flagellum at both ends?

    1. Monotrichous
    2. Amphitrichous
    3. Lophotrichous
    4. Peritrichous
  96. Cascade effect leads to increase in ________ species.

    1. Predator
    2. Invasive
    3. Exotic
    4. Prey
  97. In aposematism advertisement of signals includes ________.

    1. Color
    2. Odour
    3. Sound
    4. All of the given
  98. The rate that new organic matter is made by means of individual growth and reproduction in all the herbivores is ________.

    1. Net Primary productivity (PP)
    2. Gross primary productivity (GPP)
    3. Secondary productivity
    4. None of the given
  99. Loss of ________ percent energy occurs from one level to next.

    1. 99%
    2. 98%
    3. 90%
    4. 19%
  100. Each successional stage is called a ________ stage.

    1. young
    2. seral
    3. climax
    4. xerosere
  101. ________ speciation occurs within a single population.

    1. Sympatric
    2. Allopatric
    3. Parapatric
    4. None of the given
  102. In ________ wings have been modified for hovering.

    1. Eagle
    2. Vulture
    3. Humming birds
    4. Swans
  103. It occurs in large animals.

    1. Hibernation
    2. Aestivation
    3. Winter sleep
    4. Torpor
  104. Legs have been modified for perching in ________.

    1. Ducks
    2. Penguins
    3. Storks
    4. Sparrows
  105. Likely sea level rise during the 21st century is ________.

    1. 15 mm per year
    2. 5 mm per year
    3. 50 mm per year
    4. 0.5 mm per year
  106. Which microparasites reproduce inside host ________.

    1. fungi
    2. bacteria
    3. trematodes
    4. algae
  107. Cell wall of bacteria consists of ________.

    1. Chitin
    2. Lipoprotein
    3. Peptidoglycan
    4. Lipopolysaccharieds
  108. ________ transfer heat from one place to another by mass motion of a fluid such as water, air or molten rock.

    1. Winter current
    2. Convection current
    3. Conventional current
    4. None of the given
  109. Animals use ________ to make organic molecules.

    1. light energy
    2. Chemical bond energy
    3. Mechanical energy
    4. All of the given
  110. Each ________ trophic level has its own secondary productivity.

    1. Autotrophs
    2. Heterotrophs
    3. Producers
    4. All of the given
  111. Evolution of 14 species of finches from the original seed eater finches from mainland is the example of ________ speciation.

    1. Parapatric
    2. Sympatric
    3. Allopatric
    4. None of the given
  112. Which of the following is not the characteristic of Eutrophic lake?

    1. High level nutrients
    2. High algal growth
    3. Good light penetration
    4. Low dissolved oxygen