In the name of ALLAH, the most beneficient, the most merciful

Ecology, Biodiversity & Evolution-I (BT101)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Objective Questions

  1. Which of the following order is correct?

    1. Ecosystem, Individual, population, community
    2. Individual, population, community, ecosystem
    3. Population, community, individual, ecosystem
    4. Community, population, individual, Ecosystem
  2. In homeostasis ________ is a critical factor.

    1. Temperature
    2. Food
    3. Water
    4. Atmosphere
  3. Short protein appendages smaller than flagella is called ________.

    1. Antenna
    2. Cilia
    3. Pilli
    4. Projection
  4. Population size ________ above carrying capacity.

    1. Amplifies
    2. Decreases
    3. Increases
    4. Remain same
  5. They can breakdown carbohydrate anaerobically also.

    1. Plants
    2. Fungi
    3. Animals
    4. Bacteria
  6. Proteolysis releases nitrogen and ________.

    1. Chlorine
    2. Phosphorus
    3. Potassium
    4. Oxygen
  7. According to Endosymbiotic Theory, ________ evolved from endocytosis of aerobic bacteria.

    1. Ribosomes
    2. Nucleus
    3. Mitochondria
    4. Centrioles
  8. Which of the following is not the characteristic of Eutrophic lake?

    1. High level nutrients
    2. High algal growth
    3. Good light penetration
    4. Low dissolved oxygen
  9. In ________ wings have been modified for hovering.

    1. Eagle
    2. Vulture
    3. Humming birds
    4. Swans
  10. Which of the following diseases is caused by sewage water?

    1. Pneumonia
    2. Influenza
    3. Arthritis
    4. Polio
  11. Mercury bioaccumulates in the ________ of top predators of the open ocean.

    1. Lungs
    2. Muscles
    3. Brain
    4. Kidneys
  12. There are ________ types of herbivory depending upon different feeding habits.

    1. Four
    2. Six
    3. Eight
    4. Ten
  13. Thermoacidophiles live in superheated water with temperature ________.

    1. 150 F
    2. 250 F
    3. 750 F
    4. 850 F
  14. In which of the following organism logistic growth occurs.

    1. Lemmings
    2. Algae
    3. Yeast
    4. None of the given
  15. Volcanic eruptions release ________ into the atmosphere.

    1. sulfur
    2. smoke
    3. liquid
    4. magnesium
  16. Each successional stage is called a ________ stage.

    1. young
    2. seral
    3. climax
    4. xerosere
  17. Which of the following are also called blue green algae?

    1. Spirochaetes
    2. Cyanobacteria
    3. Streptomyces
    4. Actinobacteria
  18. Who is the father of taxonomy and systematics?

    1. Robert Whitaker
    2. Weismann
    3. Carl Linnaeus
    4. Charles Darwin
  19. Which of the following bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen in anaerobic conditions?

    1. Cyanobacteria
    2. Spirochetes
    3. Actinobacteria
    4. None of the given
  20. In interspecific interactions counter-illumination eliminates ________.

    1. light
    2. shadow
    3. dark
    4. weight
  21. Cynaobacteria is the example of ________.

    1. Photoautotrophs
    2. Heterotrophs
    3. Chemoautotrophs
    4. None of the given
  22. In ________ at either limit, one or more essential functions cease.

    1. Limiting factor
    2. Range of optimum
    3. Tolerance range
    4. Taxis
  23. Land fill is the example of ________.

    1. Sewage pollution
    2. No point source pollution
    3. Point source pollution
    4. Sound pollution
  24. ________ was Father of geology and stratigraphy.

    1. James Hutton
    2. William Smith
    3. Nicolas Steno
    4. None of the given
  25. In ________ growth a stationary or stable phase is achieved.

    1. Logistic
    2. Exponential
    3. Decline
    4. Lag phase
  26. Conditions in the reproductive ________ of a female may not support the sperm of male.

    1. Tract
    2. Canal
    3. Cell
    4. Form
  27. In ________ isolation, courtship behaviour patterns of two animals are inappropriate for each other.

    1. Behavioral
    2. Temporal
    3. Mechanical
    4. Ecological
  28. Food chain only follows a direct, ________ pathway of one animal at a time.

    1. Divergent
    2. Lateral
    3. Linear
    4. Curvilinear
  29. One of the major disruptions is loss of habitat in ________.

    1. land
    2. sea
    3. extinction
    4. All of the given
  30. Members of the domain archaea, don't have ________ in their cell wall.

    1. Chitin
    2. Starch
    3. Cellulose
    4. Peptidoglycan
  31. Second atmosphere formed carbonates that were deposited as ________.

    1. sediments
    2. layers
    3. lava
    4. magma
  32. The ________ is a energy intensive process.

    1. Oxygen Fixation
    2. Nitrogen Fixation
    3. Hydrogen Fixation
    4. None of the given
  33. In crypsis animals habitually press their bodies to the ________.

    1. water
    2. ground
    3. plant
    4. burrow
  34. Loss of ________ percent energy occurs from one level to next.

    1. 99%
    2. 98%
    3. 90%
    4. 19%
  35. Which of the following limiting factor cannot regulate population at constant level?

    1. Density dependent
    2. Density independent
    3. Population dependent
    4. Parasitism
  36. ________ competition occurs between two species to use the same resources.

    1. Parasitism
    2. Predation
    3. Interspecific
    4. Intraspecific
  37. Evolution of 14 species of finches from the original seed eater finches from mainland is the example of ________ speciation.

    1. Parapatric
    2. Sympatric
    3. Allopatric
    4. None of the given
  38. Removal of apex predator in environment called ________.

    1. Bottle neck effect
    2. Cascade effect
    3. Founder effect
    4. None of the given
  39. Each ________ trophic level has its own secondary productivity.

    1. Autotrophs
    2. Heterotrophs
    3. Producers
    4. All of the given
  40. Parapatric speciation occurs in small, local populations, called ________.

    1. Flock
    2. Colony
    3. Demes
    4. None of the given
  41. There is limited number of feeding or trophic levels in ________.

    1. Atmosphere
    2. Ecosystem
    3. Food web
    4. Food chain
  42. Layers of atmosphere increases with ________ in some regions.

    1. length
    2. altitude
    3. width
    4. diameter
  43. They obtain energy by means of inorganic oxidation reactions

    1. Heterotrophs
    2. Photoautotrophs
    3. Chemoautotrophs
    4. All of the given
  44. Cascade effect leads to increase in ________ species.

    1. Predator
    2. Invasive
    3. Exotic
    4. Prey
  45. The salt concentration in oceans is roughly ________.

    1. 1.4 %
    2. 2.4 %
    3. 4 %
    4. 14 %
  46. It represent tiny portion of the complexity of real ecosystems.

    1. Biome
    2. Food chain
    3. Food web
    4. Trophic levels
  47. ________ enables animals to survive periods of reduced food availability.

    1. Torpor
    2. Hibernation
    3. Aestivation
    4. Winter sleep
  48. Adult human body contains ________ of water by weight.

    1. 30%
    2. 40%
    3. 50%
    4. 60%
  49. Number of Pilli in a bacterial cell is ________.

    1. 1-5
    2. 5-10
    3. 1-10
    4. 10-15
  50. According to first law of thermodynamics ________ is neither created nor destroyed in the biosphere.

    1. Energy
    2. Ecosystem
    3. Habitat
    4. Force
  51. ________ is an early freshwater reptile, found as fossils from the Early Permian Period.

    1. Cynognathus
    2. Lystrosaurus
    3. Mesosaurus
    4. Glossopteris
  52. This speciation occurs within a single population.

    1. Sympatric
    2. Parapatric
    3. Allopatric
    4. None of the given
  53. K-selected species are typically ________ competitors in such crowded habitats.

    1. Weak
    2. Strong
    3. Rare
    4. Extinct
  54. Which of the following bacteria have tuft of flagella at one end?

    1. Monotrichous
    2. Amphitrichous
    3. Lophotrichous
    4. Peritrichous
  55. ________ brings all the toxic chemicals in air back into surface runoff.

    1. Transpiration
    2. Evaporation
    3. Precipitation
    4. Respiration
  56. In pyramid of ________ one trophic level has greater biomass than the one below it.

    1. Inverted biomass
    2. Numbers
    3. Energy flow
    4. Biomass
  57. According to ________ model of evolution "species do not change significantly over millions of years".

    1. Punctuated equilibrium
    2. Phyletic Gradualism
    3. Natural selection
    4. None of the given
  58. Orientation towards a factor called ________.

    1. Taxis
    2. Torpism
    3. Tactics
    4. None of the given
  59. It occurs in large animals.

    1. Hibernation
    2. Aestivation
    3. Winter sleep
    4. Torpor
  60. Which of the following is NOT the external factor of Ecosystem?

    1. Topography
    2. Population size
    3. Disease
    4. Gene pool
  61. In transpiration plants absorb ________ from the soil.

    1. gases
    2. water
    3. oxygen
    4. carbon dioxide
  62. ________ pyramids are usually, but not always, upright.

    1. Pyramid of inverted biomass
    2. Pyramid of energy flow
    3. Pyramid of numbers
    4. Pyramid of biomass
  63. In Nitrogen cycle Immobilization is the opposite of ________.

    1. filteration
    2. mobilization
    3. mineralization
    4. None of the given
  64. Photosynthesizing bacteria that are related to the chloroplasts of eukaryotic plants and algae are called ________.

    1. Blue green algae
    2. Red green algae
    3. Black brown algae
    4. Purple algae
  65. ________ consists of distinct biological communities.

    1. Population
    2. Biodiversity
    3. Biome
    4. Ecosystem
  66. Variability in Net Primary Productivity of Wetlands and tropical rain forests is ________.

    1. 900 g/m2/year
    2. 1200 - 1300 g/m2/year
    3. 90 g/m2/year
    4. 2000 g/m2/year
  67. Which of the following bacteria have a single flagellum at both ends?

    1. Monotrichous
    2. Amphitrichous
    3. Lophotrichous
    4. Peritrichous
  68. Different colors of Mullerian Mimicry depend on ________ and visibility.

    1. soil
    2. water
    3. location
    4. crops
  69. The theory of ________ states that evolution occurs primarily through short bursts of intense speciation, followed by lengthy periods of stasis.

    1. Punctuated equilibrium
    2. Phylectic Gradualism
    3. Natural selection
    4. None of the given
  70. New genetic material is generated during ________ evolution.

    1. Molecular evolution
    2. Environmental
    3. Behavioral
    4. None of the given
  71. According to the ________ concept, Evolutionary changes are occuring gradually over millions of years.

    1. Phyletic gradualism
    2. Phyletic lineage
    3. Ontogeny
    4. None of the given
  72. Legs have been modified for perching in ________.

    1. Ducks
    2. Penguins
    3. Storks
    4. Sparrows
  73. In aquatic ecosystem, ________ reacts with the water to form bicarbonate ions.

    1. O2
    2. CO2
    3. H2
    4. Na
  74. If reproductive isolation is due to reproducing at different times, it is ________.

    1. Ecological isolation
    2. Mechanical isolation
    3. Behavioral isolation
    4. Temporal isolation
  75. Wings have been modified for soaring in ________.

    1. Eagles
    2. Ducks
    3. Sparrows
    4. Swans
  76. Which microparasites reproduce inside host ________.

    1. fungi
    2. bacteria
    3. trematodes
    4. algae
  77. It has two phases.

    1. Exponential growth
    2. Logistic growth
    3. Decline growth
    4. All of the given
  78. They release digestive enzymes by their hyphae

    1. Fungi
    2. Algae
    3. Bacteria
    4. Ferns
  79. Which of the following has low algal growth?

    1. Eutrophic lake
    2. Oligotrophic lake
    3. Fresh Water Lake
    4. None of the given
  80. Stratosphere is ________ major layer of Earth's atmosphere.

    1. second
    2. third
    3. fourth
    4. fifth
  81. A specific functional role and place of an organism called its ________.

    1. Biome
    2. Niche
    3. Biomass
    4. None of the given
  82. ________ are strongly affected by light pollution.

    1. Birds
    2. Mammals
    3. Reptiles
    4. Amphibians
  83. Natural environment where a species/organism lives is called ________.

    1. Atmosphere
    2. Ecosystem
    3. Biosphere
    4. Habitat
  84. Thermosphere Known as ________

    1. mesosphere
    2. ionosphere
    3. troposphere
    4. Exosphere
  85. Which of the following proteins are useful for looking at relationships among more closely related animals?

    1. Highly conserved
    2. Moderately conserved
    3. Less conserved
    4. None of the given
  86. Files and ________ have outlandish proboscises.

    1. ant
    2. moths
    3. beetles
    4. locust
  87. In ________ legs have been modified for swimming.

    1. Penguin
    2. Sparrow
    3. Eagle
    4. Vulture
  88. The rate that new organic matter is made by means of individual growth and reproduction in all the herbivores is ________.

    1. Net Primary productivity (PP)
    2. Gross primary productivity (GPP)
    3. Secondary productivity
    4. None of the given
  89. ________ speciation occurs within a single population.

    1. Sympatric
    2. Allopatric
    3. Parapatric
    4. None of the given
  90. Existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa occur in ________.

    1. Convergent evolution
    2. Divergent evolution
    3. Parallel evolution
    4. None of the given
  91. Kingdom Protista consists of ________.

    1. Prokaryotes
    2. Unicellular eukaryotes
    3. Multicellular eukaryotes
    4. None of the given
  92. Third Atmosphere is the constant rearrangement of ________.

    1. continental plates
    2. layers
    3. gases
    4. None of the given
  93. Transparency in interspecific interactions showed by ________.

    1. sponges
    2. flukes
    3. jellyfish
    4. insects
  94. ________ occurs in small, local populations, called demes which are not completely isolated from each other.

    1. Parapatric
    2. Sympatric
    3. Allopatric
    4. None of the given
  95. The atmosphere provides protective shield against radiation and ________.

    1. light
    2. rays
    3. cosmic rays
    4. dust
  96. ________ is the amount of chemical energy as biomass that primary producers create in a given length of time.

    1. Net Primary productivity (PP)
    2. Secondary productivity
    3. Gross primary productivity (GPP)
    4. None of the given
  97. In Mesosphere lower boundary is ________ to 65 kilometres.

    1. 30
    2. 40
    3. 50
    4. 60
  98. Bacteria use ________ in conjugation for exchange of genetic material.

    1. Pilli
    2. Capsule
    3. Cell wall
    4. Plasma membrane
  99. Cell wall of bacteria consists of ________.

    1. Chitin
    2. Lipoprotein
    3. Peptidoglycan
    4. Lipopolysaccharieds
  100. Weismann made the important distinction between ________ cells and ________ cells.

    1. Eukaryotic, prokaryotic
    2. Gem, somatic
    3. unicellular, multicellular
    4. amoeboid, non amoeboid
  101. Gregor Mendel proposed the laws of genetics in ________.

    1. 1855
    2. 1865
    3. 1875
    4. 1885
  102. ________ transfer heat from one place to another by mass motion of a fluid such as water, air or molten rock.

    1. Winter current
    2. Convection current
    3. Conventional current
    4. None of the given
  103. Atmosphere is ________ nitrogen by volume.

    1. 48%
    2. 588%
    3. 68%
    4. 78%
  104. Thermoacidophiles live in the environment with ________ pH.

    1. 0 to 4
    2. 0 to 5
    3. 1 to 3
    4. 1 to 2
  105. It occurs when uptake from the water is greater than excretion.

    1. Biomagnification
    2. Eutrophication
    3. Bioaccumulation
    4. Bioconcentration
  106. The ________ is key element in survival of life.

    1. Atmosphere
    2. Mesosphere
    3. Lithosphere
    4. Troposphere
  107. Animals undergo ________ in extended period of drying.

    1. Hibernation
    2. Aestivation
    3. Torpor
    4. Winter sleep
  108. Animals use ________ to make organic molecules.

    1. light energy
    2. Chemical bond energy
    3. Mechanical energy
    4. All of the given
  109. Approximately ________ tons of sodium chloride is extracted from the Great Salt Lake.

    1. 1.5 million
    2. 2.5 million
    3. 3.5 million
    4. 4.5 million
  110. In aposematism advertisement of signals includes ________.

    1. Color
    2. Odour
    3. Sound
    4. All of the given
  111. Likely sea level rise during the 21st century is ________.

    1. 15 mm per year
    2. 5 mm per year
    3. 50 mm per year
    4. 0.5 mm per year
  112. Who proposed the law of use and disuse?

    1. Lamarck
    2. Darwin
    3. Weismann
    4. William Smith